台灣的鐵路是公營好呢還是開放民營呢? - 經濟
By Mason
at 2008-03-17T20:17
at 2008-03-17T20:17
Table of Contents
此種產業本身的高固定成本就是最大的進入障礙
所以說因高固定成本才形成獨占也不為過
故在此種產業,產業中廠商會不斷的增加其投資
以阻擋潛在競爭者的進入
因此高固定成本之產業只會形成獨占或寡占的形式
而並不會成為完全競爭市場
那今天假設真的成為了完全競爭市場
請先試想為何此產業需要投入大量固定資本?
其原因不外乎為藉由規模經濟壓低單位製造成本
請記住固定成本指的是廠房設備一類的
舉一個簡單的例子:
當初福特汽車創辦者亨利福特
藉由裝配生產線生產大量相同標準且相對便宜的汽車
因此獲得了巨大的成功
為何他的售價能相對低廉?
原因就在於他投入的大量固定成本
能更快速的生產且品質也更穩定的汽車
其後更擴大其生產線,將成本壓至更低
但後來因消費者需要有個人品味的汽車
而導致了福特生產大量相同規格汽車的策略失敗
今天台灣的晶圓及面板廠也是一個好例子
1.完全競爭下接單後才依要求
生產一顆晶片
生產一塊22"面板
跟
2.獨佔情況下大量生產後接單
在1.的情況下
生產設備的最大產量必定是較2.為小的
因為這樣才可以免去未達產量的固定成本
故1.之產品單位價格必定會較2.為高
(因為規模經濟之緣故)
在固定成本非常非常大的情況下
即使獨占廠商並非以其邊際成本定價
產品仍然能比完全競爭市場便宜
就是所謂的以量制價
其實高固定成本是為了更好的生產效率而生
而更好的效率不外乎是單位成本的降低
因此,原文的問題
高固定成本產業獨佔對消費者較有利?
應該想成
業者藉由提高其固定成本壓低單位生產成本增進生產效率
進而形成進入障礙且使得消費者買到更便宜的產品
這句話是肯定的!
以上個人淺見...
--
所以說因高固定成本才形成獨占也不為過
故在此種產業,產業中廠商會不斷的增加其投資
以阻擋潛在競爭者的進入
因此高固定成本之產業只會形成獨占或寡占的形式
而並不會成為完全競爭市場
那今天假設真的成為了完全競爭市場
請先試想為何此產業需要投入大量固定資本?
其原因不外乎為藉由規模經濟壓低單位製造成本
請記住固定成本指的是廠房設備一類的
舉一個簡單的例子:
當初福特汽車創辦者亨利福特
藉由裝配生產線生產大量相同標準且相對便宜的汽車
因此獲得了巨大的成功
為何他的售價能相對低廉?
原因就在於他投入的大量固定成本
能更快速的生產且品質也更穩定的汽車
其後更擴大其生產線,將成本壓至更低
但後來因消費者需要有個人品味的汽車
而導致了福特生產大量相同規格汽車的策略失敗
今天台灣的晶圓及面板廠也是一個好例子
1.完全競爭下接單後才依要求
生產一顆晶片
生產一塊22"面板
跟
2.獨佔情況下大量生產後接單
在1.的情況下
生產設備的最大產量必定是較2.為小的
因為這樣才可以免去未達產量的固定成本
故1.之產品單位價格必定會較2.為高
(因為規模經濟之緣故)
在固定成本非常非常大的情況下
即使獨占廠商並非以其邊際成本定價
產品仍然能比完全競爭市場便宜
就是所謂的以量制價
其實高固定成本是為了更好的生產效率而生
而更好的效率不外乎是單位成本的降低
因此,原文的問題
高固定成本產業獨佔對消費者較有利?
應該想成
業者藉由提高其固定成本壓低單位生產成本增進生產效率
進而形成進入障礙且使得消費者買到更便宜的產品
這句話是肯定的!
以上個人淺見...
--
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