兩題總體經濟學題目 - 經濟
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By Brianna
at 2013-01-13T12:55
at 2013-01-13T12:55
Table of Contents
※ 引述《decrepit (破舊的)》之銘言:
: 科目:總體經濟學
: 問題:
: 1. One new technology is invented to increase production of automobiles
: and reduces the marginal product of labor. Then, the labor demand
: and the wage rate will decrease.
: 這題是是非題。我的疑問是,為何看題目敘述是技術進步,卻又提到MPL下降
: 那生產曲線和勞動需求線究竟是上移還下移?
題目沒給函數,不過以Cobb-Douglas production function為例,
若Y=K^0.5 L^0.5 MPK=0.5(L/K)^0.5, MPL=0.5(K/L)^0.5
因技術改變導致變成Y=1.1 K^0.9 L^0.1, MPK=0.99(L/K)^0.1,MPL=0.11(K/L)^0.9
是有可能讓同樣(K,L)下Y上升,MPK上升,MPL下降
以上面例子來說假定一開始K=L=t
一開始Y=t,MPK=0.5,MPL=0.5 變成Y=1.1t,MPK=0.99,MPL=0.11
在MPK上升,MPL下降下,為了維持MPK/r=MPL/w,L勢必要減少來提高MPL,拉低MPK,
L需求下降w可能會跟著降
: 2. Which are the properties of a Cobb-Douglas production function
: that is constant scale to return: (字很多...我只寫出我有疑問的喔@@)
: (A) zero accounting economic profit
: (E) zero ecnomic profit
: 是複選題。我這邊的參考解答是兩個都有選
: 但我不知道生產函數和利潤是如何扯上關係的?
假定Y=cK^a L^b, 利率r,工資w, C=rK +wL, 產品價格P
dY=(a/K)Y dK + (b/L)Y dL
dC= r dK + w dL
(a/K)Y/r=(b/L)Y/w時等生產線與等成本相切, 則(rK)/a=(wL)/b=(rK+wL)/(a+b)=C/(a+b)
又constant scale to return 則a+b=1, K=aC/r,L =bC/w,
Y=c(a/r)^a(b/w)^b C^(a+b)=[c(a/r)^a(b/w)^b]C
profit=PY-C=([P c(a/r)^a(b/w)^b]-1)C
[P c(a/r)^a(b/w)^b]此項如果等於1則zero accounting profit,
大於或小於1則分別是正負accounting profit
若完全競爭市場下P因廠商自由進出而降到使[P c(a/r)^a(b/w)^b]大於但接近於1時
此時可能仍有accounting profit,但為zero economic profit
--
: 科目:總體經濟學
: 問題:
: 1. One new technology is invented to increase production of automobiles
: and reduces the marginal product of labor. Then, the labor demand
: and the wage rate will decrease.
: 這題是是非題。我的疑問是,為何看題目敘述是技術進步,卻又提到MPL下降
: 那生產曲線和勞動需求線究竟是上移還下移?
題目沒給函數,不過以Cobb-Douglas production function為例,
若Y=K^0.5 L^0.5 MPK=0.5(L/K)^0.5, MPL=0.5(K/L)^0.5
因技術改變導致變成Y=1.1 K^0.9 L^0.1, MPK=0.99(L/K)^0.1,MPL=0.11(K/L)^0.9
是有可能讓同樣(K,L)下Y上升,MPK上升,MPL下降
以上面例子來說假定一開始K=L=t
一開始Y=t,MPK=0.5,MPL=0.5 變成Y=1.1t,MPK=0.99,MPL=0.11
在MPK上升,MPL下降下,為了維持MPK/r=MPL/w,L勢必要減少來提高MPL,拉低MPK,
L需求下降w可能會跟著降
: 2. Which are the properties of a Cobb-Douglas production function
: that is constant scale to return: (字很多...我只寫出我有疑問的喔@@)
: (A) zero accounting economic profit
: (E) zero ecnomic profit
: 是複選題。我這邊的參考解答是兩個都有選
: 但我不知道生產函數和利潤是如何扯上關係的?
假定Y=cK^a L^b, 利率r,工資w, C=rK +wL, 產品價格P
dY=(a/K)Y dK + (b/L)Y dL
dC= r dK + w dL
(a/K)Y/r=(b/L)Y/w時等生產線與等成本相切, 則(rK)/a=(wL)/b=(rK+wL)/(a+b)=C/(a+b)
又constant scale to return 則a+b=1, K=aC/r,L =bC/w,
Y=c(a/r)^a(b/w)^b C^(a+b)=[c(a/r)^a(b/w)^b]C
profit=PY-C=([P c(a/r)^a(b/w)^b]-1)C
[P c(a/r)^a(b/w)^b]此項如果等於1則zero accounting profit,
大於或小於1則分別是正負accounting profit
若完全競爭市場下P因廠商自由進出而降到使[P c(a/r)^a(b/w)^b]大於但接近於1時
此時可能仍有accounting profit,但為zero economic profit
--
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