消費者剩餘=0的產業? - 經濟
By Ida
at 2020-11-29T02:22
at 2020-11-29T02:22
Table of Contents
我的看法是這樣,供參考...
(另外聲明本人尊重各種不同宗教,每種宗教都有它神聖不可侵犯的儀式、歷史與淵源,
本人係以尊敬態度在探討這個問題,以下說明如有不慎冒犯之處,純粹為學術探討,絕
無不敬之意!)
歸納這裡重要的二個問題:(一)200是不是願付價格? (二)200是不是實付價格?
說明如下:
1.200怎麼「不是」最高願意付出的價格?
您會覺得不是,也許是因為200的金額太少,但需知,「隨喜」這二個字,有很多人是遇
到家鄉要募捐蓋廟或重建,是會拿自己房子去抵押貸款捐錢的;不以佛道教為例,有些
宗教何止傾家蕩產,是連命都願意奉獻的。
如果連命都不要的行為,都不能算是最高願意付出的價格,我不曉得這位消費者還有什麼
可以再付出的。
2.200怎麼「是」最高願意付出的價格?
願付價格來自於效用函數,而經濟學認為的效用需符合完備性、遞移性、反身性...等
這些良好的偏好公理。這意思是什麼?
以多神信仰為例,意思是你要能分辨行天宮跟天后宮那個神力比較強,但多神信仰者
這樣分是在褻瀆吧!(完備性X)
然後多神信仰者的行為是什麼?出海拜媽祖、入厝拜地基主、動土拜土地公...你要怎麼
排出偏好?(遞移性X)
如果你是媽祖信仰者,表示大甲媽繞境跟白沙屯媽繞境對你而言是一致的,但對信眾而
言是一樣的嗎?(反身性X)
還有更重要的,違反了最重要的邊際效用遞減的假設,如果你要求一個願,多拜一位神
明你應該只會更心安,還是會覺得反而更沒希望?(遞際效用遞減X)
故以經濟學的角度,連效用函數都沒有,那來的願付價格?
3.200怎麼「不是」實付價格?
就從口袋裡掏200塊出來給廟方,不是實付價格不然是什麼?
4.200怎麼「是」實付價格?
的確拿200出來沒錯,但這絕不是經濟學所講的價格,或目前市場理論中所定義的價格。
首先,宗教是會互相競爭沒錯(可參考:教堂經濟學,賴建誠著),但從古至今採用的競爭
策略都不是價格,任何宗教都沒有訂價,既然沒有訂價,何來的實付價格?
再者,這裡的200是由消費者決定,但目前有哪一種市場結構的價格是由消費者單一決定
?
如果有,那市場均衡價格一定訂在0,也沒啥好討論的。
所以我到底在說什麼?一下說是又一下說不是,搞得大家好亂!
我要說的其實也單純,就是這個問題用傳統的經濟學思考,會無法完整的把所有脈絡都
釐清楚!
雖然在這個例子裡有供給者、也有需求者,但我認為這裡的200與價格根本扯不上任何關
係,它比較偏向就是個單純的Social Norms、社會上演化出來的約定成俗的行為
參加婚宴包紅包、你到許願池丟10塊錢硬幣許願...等,與這些為行類似。
我的想法大致是以上這樣
※ 引述《MicroMacro (符合一致性很難嗎)》之銘言:
: 消費者剩餘是指你的願付價格跟實付價格間的差異
: 假設你今天去廟裡拜拜,拜完以後想說該貢獻一下
: 香油錢箱上寫著「隨喜」二字,你投了200塊進去
: 沒人逼你一定要投多少,你也可以不投
: 所以200是你的願付價格?
: 然後你的實付價格也是200
: 所以開宮廟可以把消費者剩餘完全吃掉?
--
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