保障需求的變化趨勢 - 保單
By Daph Bay
at 2012-01-15T22:57
at 2012-01-15T22:57
Table of Contents
壽險保障需求多數人都同意是需要分析的,
但是這些因素到底有沒有必然的變化趨勢?
底下列出一些參考的項目來討論看看:
請問你有幾位小孩?
小孩的數目直接就影響到整體的家庭支出,
不過基本上要生幾個小孩是自己可以決定的。
你打算培養小孩到何種教育程度?
你預估培育一位小孩到上述的教育程度約需多少花費(含才藝班、安親班等)?
(提示:公立小學至大學約200萬,國外研究所另外加約300萬元)
誰能確定自己的每一個小孩要培養到什麼學歷?
而且確定每一個念的學校屆時的學費調漲幅度?
PS:國內公私立大學的學費調漲過很多次了,雖然這幾年幅度是減少了很多,
但是學雜費漲價的壓力一直都是在的。
請問你是否有房屋貸款?總額多少?
房貸基本上確實是會隨著時間定期減少的需求,
這邊不討論突然多買房子造成的額外狀況,
畢竟市面上有專門擺平房貸缺口的壽險。
請問你是否有租賃房屋?每個月的房租是多少?
房租的變化與房價現在基本上已經算脫勾了,
民國90年起甚至有平均住宅房租連續四十幾個月下跌的狀況,
但是有誰知道以後的房租會怎麼變化嗎?
PS:目前平均房租是緩步上升
你預計還會續租多久?
這也是一個不確定的問題,
有誰知道要替家人準備多久的房屋租金才真的剛好夠?
這跟房貸有固定年限是完全不同的。
請問你希望為自己準備多少喪葬費用?
這一點根據選擇的喪葬方式與所在縣市有所差異,
但基本上真要儉樸進行,『目前』30萬也是可以處理的,
在保障需求中反倒是相對低的支出。
你有多少其他尚未清償的借款?(如:會錢、信用卡、汽車貸款等)
這點很明顯因人、因債務類型而異,因為不是每一種借款都會穩定的減少
你希望為家庭準備多少應急費用?(如:家人傷病費、汽修費、房屋修繕等)
也是一個不確定的因素,存款多的家庭可能根本不需要這一項,
但是也可能因為家人健康、房屋、車輛的狀況逐漸惡化得要增加。
你每個月家庭的開銷(如:食、衣、住、行、稅、交際、父母孝養費、有小孩加褓母費等)
又是一個不確定因素,尤其父母孝養時間,比子女扶養期更難以掌握,
應該沒有人很篤定父母幾時不能給自己養的吧....
你希望身後為家人留多少年的生活費?
這一點基本上與個人判斷、以下的多種因素都有密切相關,
底下的項目越高,或者需要保留的年度越短,剩餘的保障需求額度都會越低,
但是這也會受到下方收入的增減、日後預留生活費的年度增減而影響。
請問除了工作收入外,你是否還有其他年收入
(如:利息、租金、稿費、合夥生意等)?
你目前的公保投保月薪資總額每月為多少?(以本俸或年功俸計)
你目前的勞保投保月薪資總額每月為多少?
你目前擁有多少一般身故的保障?
你目前約有多少銀行存款?
你目前從事投資的金額約為多少?(如:股票、基金、債券等)
你的配偶每年的收入大約是多少?(已婚者請選答)
這堆項目不必說了,哪一個是保證能確定變化趨勢的?
就連保額都可能因為保單的減低保額或減額繳清等原因降低了。
因素很多,不確定變化的因素也很多,
要用可以遞減的長年期或一年期定期壽險處理,
還是用一個費率便宜的多,不過最低保額相對偏高的定期壽險,
端看個人對自己家庭狀況的評估,我不認為這問題是個非A即B的是非題,
我各人看法是保障宜多不宜少,合理支出範圍內多一點保額又何妨?
PS:不少長年期定壽都有條件不一的契約轉換權,
代表『真有必要時』可以選擇轉換成終身壽險,
而長年期定期壽險幾乎都有減額繳清的選項,
如果保障需求在保障期滿前真的近乎消失殆盡,那麼恭喜你,
大方的把定壽主約減額繳清,擺脫這筆保費吧~
--
人們常以為自己在追求真理,但是他們並不知道,
他們其實要的並不是一個「真正的真理」,
而是一個他們自己「認定的真理」罷了....
--
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保單
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