QM(小輕原油)結算價為負的完整原因 - 期貨
By Barb Cronin
at 2020-04-22T17:30
at 2020-04-22T17:30
Table of Contents
※ [本文轉錄自 Stock 看板 #1Udm8aCP ]
作者: minazukimaya (水無月真夜) 看板: Stock
標題: [心得] QM(小輕原油)結算價為負的完整原因
時間: Tue Apr 21 22:24:34 2020
板上前面有些文章討論了,不過我覺得有些不太完整,所以拋磚引玉說明一下
首先,原油期貨本身就是個投機交易遠高原始商品避險交易的賭場
存在大量對賭和套利
所以影響價格的主因,並非是由經濟學原因去思考,而是從投機交易行為去解釋
當然核心原因一定是符合經濟學原理的,但投機行為會使得波動放大
這次QM結算價為負是三個因素疊合成的
一是CL近-遠套利交易的成本變高
二是CL買方合約和賣方合約的違約風險不對等,導致多殺多
三是QM 是以 CL最後交易日前一天的收盤價為結算價
1.
CL也就是WTI輕原油合約的「買近賣遠」套利交易,同時也是造市機制的一部份
如前所述,原油期貨本身就是投機性質很高的交易。
每個月開倉的口數都是遠大於最後真的會交割的口數
而在庫欣有儲油設施和輸油管道的石油業者,其套利交易的運輸/倉儲成本是很低的
因此長期以來CL多單,都依賴於石油商的造市進行轉倉
而近來因為大家的儲油設施都滿了,所以近月遠月的價差不斷放大
因為沒辦法用管線直送儲油槽的話,交割的成本其實不小,也就是套利交易的成本在上升
近月遠月的價差是在反應套利交易的成本
以我打這篇文章的時間點來看,近月3元上下,遠月15元上下,價差接近12美元
這12美元反映的就是用油罐車把油載到海上油輪的運輸成本,再加上油輪的租金
比起原本套利只是在庫欣的不同儲油槽之間送來送去,這個成本可是高多了
2.
以實物交割的CL來說,賣方是很難違約交割的。
因為現在庫欣到處都是油,要用現貨價買到油交割太容易了。
但是買方就不同了,庫欣附近儲油槽已經逼近全滿
也就是說你不可能找到油商讓你付租金存放了,就算有大概也是天價。
那就變成你得自己開油罐車來載,而空的油罐車很有可能租不到
也就是你若不是石油行業而是單純的投機交易者,放到結算=違約交割
違約交割的後果是很慘的…
空方和多方的風險不對等,導致買賣力量失衡,沒人敢在情況不明下接手多單。
3.
前兩點講的是CL的價格,而QM的結算依賴CL的收盤價,又使得情況更惡化
當CL的結算價還不確定,QM在盤中明顯出現恐慌性人踩人時
QM多頭唯一合理的選擇,就是直接從QM轉倉到CL,凹看看CL結算時市場會不會冷靜點
這又極大程度加大了QM的賣壓 (QM-CL的價差因為油商的套利交易所以會貼著走)
這就是昨晚的情況了,QM有超大量的賣壓但沒人敢接刀
因為QM純粹就是個現金賭場,馬上就要結算了
QM結算在-37、近遠月50美金的價差,主要是由於投機交易行為造成的
而不是像有些說明文所述,石油真的便宜到倒貼-37元還沒人願意用
今天CL的結算價格才是比較能以經濟學邏輯解釋的
--
作者: minazukimaya (水無月真夜) 看板: Stock
標題: [心得] QM(小輕原油)結算價為負的完整原因
時間: Tue Apr 21 22:24:34 2020
板上前面有些文章討論了,不過我覺得有些不太完整,所以拋磚引玉說明一下
首先,原油期貨本身就是個投機交易遠高原始商品避險交易的賭場
存在大量對賭和套利
所以影響價格的主因,並非是由經濟學原因去思考,而是從投機交易行為去解釋
當然核心原因一定是符合經濟學原理的,但投機行為會使得波動放大
這次QM結算價為負是三個因素疊合成的
一是CL近-遠套利交易的成本變高
二是CL買方合約和賣方合約的違約風險不對等,導致多殺多
三是QM 是以 CL最後交易日前一天的收盤價為結算價
1.
CL也就是WTI輕原油合約的「買近賣遠」套利交易,同時也是造市機制的一部份
如前所述,原油期貨本身就是投機性質很高的交易。
每個月開倉的口數都是遠大於最後真的會交割的口數
而在庫欣有儲油設施和輸油管道的石油業者,其套利交易的運輸/倉儲成本是很低的
因此長期以來CL多單,都依賴於石油商的造市進行轉倉
而近來因為大家的儲油設施都滿了,所以近月遠月的價差不斷放大
因為沒辦法用管線直送儲油槽的話,交割的成本其實不小,也就是套利交易的成本在上升
近月遠月的價差是在反應套利交易的成本
以我打這篇文章的時間點來看,近月3元上下,遠月15元上下,價差接近12美元
這12美元反映的就是用油罐車把油載到海上油輪的運輸成本,再加上油輪的租金
比起原本套利只是在庫欣的不同儲油槽之間送來送去,這個成本可是高多了
2.
以實物交割的CL來說,賣方是很難違約交割的。
因為現在庫欣到處都是油,要用現貨價買到油交割太容易了。
但是買方就不同了,庫欣附近儲油槽已經逼近全滿
也就是說你不可能找到油商讓你付租金存放了,就算有大概也是天價。
那就變成你得自己開油罐車來載,而空的油罐車很有可能租不到
也就是你若不是石油行業而是單純的投機交易者,放到結算=違約交割
違約交割的後果是很慘的…
空方和多方的風險不對等,導致買賣力量失衡,沒人敢在情況不明下接手多單。
3.
前兩點講的是CL的價格,而QM的結算依賴CL的收盤價,又使得情況更惡化
當CL的結算價還不確定,QM在盤中明顯出現恐慌性人踩人時
QM多頭唯一合理的選擇,就是直接從QM轉倉到CL,凹看看CL結算時市場會不會冷靜點
這又極大程度加大了QM的賣壓 (QM-CL的價差因為油商的套利交易所以會貼著走)
這就是昨晚的情況了,QM有超大量的賣壓但沒人敢接刀
因為QM純粹就是個現金賭場,馬上就要結算了
QM結算在-37、近遠月50美金的價差,主要是由於投機交易行為造成的
而不是像有些說明文所述,石油真的便宜到倒貼-37元還沒人願意用
今天CL的結算價格才是比較能以經濟學邏輯解釋的
--
Tags:
期貨
All Comments
By Ina
at 2020-04-24T08:14
at 2020-04-24T08:14
By Dora
at 2020-04-25T10:39
at 2020-04-25T10:39
By Aaliyah
at 2020-04-30T01:11
at 2020-04-30T01:11
By Kelly
at 2020-05-03T19:36
at 2020-05-03T19:36
By Skylar Davis
at 2020-05-05T19:23
at 2020-05-05T19:23
By Edith
at 2020-05-10T12:46
at 2020-05-10T12:46
By Franklin
at 2020-05-12T23:26
at 2020-05-12T23:26
By Ida
at 2020-05-13T02:12
at 2020-05-13T02:12
By Noah
at 2020-05-13T06:27
at 2020-05-13T06:27
By Leila
at 2020-05-17T20:24
at 2020-05-17T20:24
By Jacob
at 2020-05-21T10:26
at 2020-05-21T10:26
By Lily
at 2020-05-25T22:54
at 2020-05-25T22:54
By David
at 2020-05-29T11:17
at 2020-05-29T11:17
By Olga
at 2020-06-02T14:21
at 2020-06-02T14:21
By Olive
at 2020-06-06T10:29
at 2020-06-06T10:29
By Leila
at 2020-06-09T20:03
at 2020-06-09T20:03
By Emily
at 2020-06-11T09:41
at 2020-06-11T09:41
By Wallis
at 2020-06-13T01:17
at 2020-06-13T01:17
By Carol
at 2020-06-17T12:21
at 2020-06-17T12:21
By Catherine
at 2020-06-19T09:47
at 2020-06-19T09:47
By Leila
at 2020-06-21T03:35
at 2020-06-21T03:35
By Hazel
at 2020-06-23T11:35
at 2020-06-23T11:35
By Lauren
at 2020-06-26T03:20
at 2020-06-26T03:20
By Ivy
at 2020-06-27T00:22
at 2020-06-27T00:22
By Candice
at 2020-06-29T18:00
at 2020-06-29T18:00
By Sierra Rose
at 2020-06-29T20:36
at 2020-06-29T20:36
By Callum
at 2020-07-03T00:32
at 2020-07-03T00:32
By Madame
at 2020-07-06T05:39
at 2020-07-06T05:39
By Suhail Hany
at 2020-07-07T17:46
at 2020-07-07T17:46
By Damian
at 2020-07-10T16:31
at 2020-07-10T16:31
By Edward Lewis
at 2020-07-10T19:50
at 2020-07-10T19:50
By Catherine
at 2020-07-13T19:25
at 2020-07-13T19:25
By Ina
at 2020-07-15T16:07
at 2020-07-15T16:07
By Edwina
at 2020-07-19T03:04
at 2020-07-19T03:04
By Charlie
at 2020-07-23T10:57
at 2020-07-23T10:57
By Barb Cronin
at 2020-07-26T23:00
at 2020-07-26T23:00
By Kyle
at 2020-07-31T13:49
at 2020-07-31T13:49
By Oscar
at 2020-08-03T02:36
at 2020-08-03T02:36
By Catherine
at 2020-08-05T02:14
at 2020-08-05T02:14
By Tom
at 2020-08-08T02:34
at 2020-08-08T02:34
By Oliver
at 2020-08-08T07:03
at 2020-08-08T07:03
By Suhail Hany
at 2020-08-12T18:12
at 2020-08-12T18:12
By Kama
at 2020-08-13T21:13
at 2020-08-13T21:13
By Hardy
at 2020-08-18T17:09
at 2020-08-18T17:09
By Erin
at 2020-08-21T15:33
at 2020-08-21T15:33
By Carol
at 2020-08-25T22:09
at 2020-08-25T22:09
By Isabella
at 2020-08-29T22:16
at 2020-08-29T22:16
By Audriana
at 2020-08-31T05:38
at 2020-08-31T05:38
By Selena
at 2020-09-04T01:52
at 2020-09-04T01:52
By Bethany
at 2020-09-06T13:08
at 2020-09-06T13:08
By Frederic
at 2020-09-08T12:58
at 2020-09-08T12:58
By Hazel
at 2020-09-11T06:03
at 2020-09-11T06:03
By Yedda
at 2020-09-15T12:59
at 2020-09-15T12:59
By Selena
at 2020-09-15T20:03
at 2020-09-15T20:03
By Lily
at 2020-09-17T20:48
at 2020-09-17T20:48
By Valerie
at 2020-09-21T07:31
at 2020-09-21T07:31
By Wallis
at 2020-09-22T08:27
at 2020-09-22T08:27
By Edward Lewis
at 2020-09-24T15:11
at 2020-09-24T15:11
By Ophelia
at 2020-09-28T19:46
at 2020-09-28T19:46
By Belly
at 2020-09-30T23:24
at 2020-09-30T23:24
By Gary
at 2020-10-03T23:22
at 2020-10-03T23:22
By Ula
at 2020-10-07T14:03
at 2020-10-07T14:03
By Faithe
at 2020-10-10T08:53
at 2020-10-10T08:53
By Tracy
at 2020-10-10T12:18
at 2020-10-10T12:18
By Skylar DavisLinda
at 2020-10-11T12:24
at 2020-10-11T12:24
By Dorothy
at 2020-10-11T17:11
at 2020-10-11T17:11
By Olga
at 2020-10-13T01:39
at 2020-10-13T01:39
By Kelly
at 2020-10-16T11:27
at 2020-10-16T11:27
By Harry
at 2020-10-18T02:43
at 2020-10-18T02:43
By Robert
at 2020-10-21T02:06
at 2020-10-21T02:06
By Jacky
at 2020-10-24T02:18
at 2020-10-24T02:18
By Caitlin
at 2020-10-26T17:33
at 2020-10-26T17:33
By Emily
at 2020-10-31T08:48
at 2020-10-31T08:48
By Poppy
at 2020-11-01T22:18
at 2020-11-01T22:18
By Jacky
at 2020-11-02T13:42
at 2020-11-02T13:42
By Rae
at 2020-11-02T19:31
at 2020-11-02T19:31
By Audriana
at 2020-11-03T03:16
at 2020-11-03T03:16
By William
at 2020-11-03T19:48
at 2020-11-03T19:48
By Bennie
at 2020-11-05T05:46
at 2020-11-05T05:46
By Steve
at 2020-11-08T16:16
at 2020-11-08T16:16
By Edwina
at 2020-11-11T11:45
at 2020-11-11T11:45
By Edwina
at 2020-11-16T02:46
at 2020-11-16T02:46
By Olga
at 2020-11-18T21:38
at 2020-11-18T21:38
By Callum
at 2020-11-22T23:57
at 2020-11-22T23:57
By Dinah
at 2020-11-26T21:22
at 2020-11-26T21:22
By Sandy
at 2020-11-27T09:32
at 2020-11-27T09:32
By Barb Cronin
at 2020-11-27T12:57
at 2020-11-27T12:57
By Poppy
at 2020-12-01T03:02
at 2020-12-01T03:02
By Gary
at 2020-12-05T11:05
at 2020-12-05T11:05
By Susan
at 2020-12-08T20:59
at 2020-12-08T20:59
By Ophelia
at 2020-12-09T10:43
at 2020-12-09T10:43
By Blanche
at 2020-12-13T19:57
at 2020-12-13T19:57
By Skylar Davis
at 2020-12-17T14:44
at 2020-12-17T14:44
By Sierra Rose
at 2020-12-21T08:41
at 2020-12-21T08:41
By Genevieve
at 2020-12-24T11:18
at 2020-12-24T11:18
By Skylar Davis
at 2020-12-27T05:38
at 2020-12-27T05:38
By George
at 2020-12-29T02:10
at 2020-12-29T02:10
By Catherine
at 2020-12-31T20:34
at 2020-12-31T20:34
By George
at 2021-01-02T12:30
at 2021-01-02T12:30
By Ula
at 2021-01-02T16:07
at 2021-01-02T16:07
By Iris
at 2021-01-04T16:14
at 2021-01-04T16:14
Related Posts
小型輕原油結算大賺手法公開
By Iris
at 2020-04-22T16:10
at 2020-04-22T16:10
小輕原油爆炸如何處理
By Jacob
at 2020-04-22T15:27
at 2020-04-22T15:27
109年04月22日期貨收盤價&結算價一覽表
By Doris
at 2020-04-22T15:06
at 2020-04-22T15:06
109年04月22日 三大法人買賣金額統計表
By Madame
at 2020-04-22T15:05
at 2020-04-22T15:05
小輕原油爆炸如何處理
By Robert
at 2020-04-22T14:13
at 2020-04-22T14:13