華爾街銀行現金爆滿!Fed急抽資金、抵銷3 - 股票
By Edward Lewis
at 2021-05-24T15:40
at 2021-05-24T15:40
Table of Contents
原文標題: 華爾街銀行現金爆滿!Fed急抽資金、抵銷3個月QE
原文連結: https://reurl.cc/zegN3V
發布時間:2021-05-24 14:17:51
原文內容:
美國金融體系如今錢淹腳目,聯準會(Fed)控管政策利率的難度愈來愈高,分析人士認為
,Fed也許得設法重新校準政策工具,這可能也是為何華爾街有部分銀行吵著要央行縮減
量化寬鬆貨幣政策(QE)的原因。
英國金融時報24日報導,Fed每個月收購1,200億美元的美國公債,導致金融機構手上現金
激增。另外,銀行存款轉至貨幣市場基金、再加上財政部發放振興款,也推升存款準備餘
額。各家金融業者競相透過超低風險工具(例如即將到期的美國公債或附買回協議)借出資
金的結果,則促使短期利率於今(2020)年年初摔落歷史最低點。
與此同時,美國財政部決定削減國庫券(1年以內到期)發行量,也讓能夠儲放現金的重要
資產供應萎縮。大量現金如今回流Fed,附賣回協議(reverse repo,即Fed向金融機構賣
出公債以收回現金)需求激增,上週的每日使用量攀升至2017年以來新高,5月21日觸及
3,690億美元。
WolfStreet.com創辦人Wolf Richter 20日也在部落格指出(見此),附賣回協議使用量激
增,暗示銀行系統已難以應付Fed透過QE對市場挹注的流動性。這也是為何華爾街有部分
人士吵著要Fed削減QE的原因。
Richter直指,這代表,Fed一方面月買1,200億美元的公債和不動產抵押貸款證券(MBS),
一方面卻又透過隔夜附賣回協議於20日當天收回3,510億美元的資金,等於抵銷將近3個月
的QE。這就是Fed推動如此極端的資產收購計畫後,勢必會面臨的瘋狂處境。
這些因素大幅壓抑了Fed的指標利率,引起市場側目。金融時報報導稱,聯邦基金利率目
前下探0.06%,遠低於Fed設定的0-0.25%目標。摩根士丹利策略師Kelcie Gerson指出,若
持續低於0.05%,可能促使Fed採取行動。
Fed早已拓寬業者取得附賣回協議的管道,並將金融業者能夠存在Fed的資金上限從300億
美元提高至800億美元,藉此抽取系統內的流動性、減緩短期利率的下降壓力。分析人士
直指,Fed下一步可能會調高支付給銀行的準備金利息,或是拉高附賣回協議中支付的利
率。
Richter指出,準備金是銀行存放在Fed的現金,是Fed資產負債表上對銀行的欠債。Fed對
這些準備金支付利息(目前0.1%),Fed資產負債表上的存款準備金如今已激增至3.92兆美
元(見下圖)。
Richter直指,這是他首度看到華爾街銀行因為系統出現裂痕、承受不了準備金的龐大壓
力,而吵著要Fed削減QE。
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