簡易所得稅講座(一) - 所得稅

By Skylar Davis
at 2002-12-11T15:27
at 2002-12-11T15:27
Table of Contents
XD 由於有新版友熱烈的加入討論,所以我稍微簡單提一下我國所得稅的結構。
所得稅的構造是這樣的。
1.全部收入-免稅額-扣除額=課稅所得
2.課稅所得×累進稅率=要繳的稅
照這兩個步驟算,就可以知道你要繳多少稅。
以每月20,000元例子
你的全部收入=20,000x12=240,000
你的免稅額=77,000
你的扣除額,應該有兩種。
標準扣除額=73,000
薪資所得特別扣除額=100,000
240,000-77,000-46,000-78,000=-10,000 負的XD
所以不用繳稅。
77,000+73,000+100,000=250,000
所以前面有板友說不到這個數字不用繳稅。就是這個原因。
至於為什麼不乾脆定250,000免稅就好了,要這樣加東加西的,
原因在於這些數字的意義不同。
77,000叫免稅額,免稅額的意思 就是你維持基本生活所需要花的錢,
這些錢都課稅的話,不就叫人民不要生活嗎?
話說一年77,000的生活費,政府也實在太看得起大家了。
大概是一天200吃飯錢就可以維持「非常基本」的生活。
至於扣除額,分為三種
┌標準扣除額
├列舉扣除額
└特別扣除額
如果你有學過會計的話,免稅額比較像成本,扣除額就比較像費用,
也就是你為了賺取所得所要花費的支出,當然可以扣除。
標準扣除額和列舉扣除額只能擇一使用,不能兩種都用。
特別扣除額是只要符合條件,一定可以扣除。
列舉扣除額很容易解釋,也就是你花掉的錢,
例如你賺了所得,卻花錢去看醫生,為維持健康才能賺取所得,
所以醫療支出可以扣除,不用納稅。
只要提出證據,有很多錢都是可以扣除的,這就是列舉扣除。
可以扣的項目並不少,平時盡量把各種支出的證據留下,
要報稅時,記得問問有經驗的人哪些可以扣,或者上網查查稅法的規定。
至於標準扣除額,當你找不到什麼證據可以扣除,或者不符合扣除的規定,
那麼大家扣的很高興,你沒得扣也說不過去,
也就是說政府認為賺取所得一定會有相對的支出,
即使你提不出支出證據,政府也給你額度扣除,
所以每個人最少都可以用標準扣除額來扣除。
一般人是73,000,有配偶者是146,000
所以你要算算,你的列舉扣除額加起來,有沒有比標準扣除額多,
要選划算的那種來使用。
再來是特別扣除額,是因為特別的狀況而扣除的,
例如殘障特別扣除額,薪資所得特別扣除額,
領薪水的人,也就是薪資所得,為了上班常常有很多支出,
像是交通費,買西裝的錢,等等。
這些支出也不容易提出證據扣除,所以給予領薪資的人特別扣除100,000。
以上是:全部收入-免稅額-扣除額=課稅所得
算出課稅所得的過程,接下來我們來算算要繳多少稅。
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