用海外券商買美國公債問題 part2 - 投資
By Tristan Cohan
at 2022-10-30T00:40
at 2022-10-30T00:40
Table of Contents
借這個標題討論
我最近也在認真研究長天期美公債公司債
主要在思考2個問題 1.進場時機 2.要買ETF還是直債
記得幾個月前10年債升到3.5%版上就熱烈討論進場了
後來回彈了一下又狂升到4%多 投等債到6%上下 真的很誘人
但又怕不知會升到哪裡去 所以不敢買太多
我查了各方新聞討論 整理了一些影響因素 提出來請教大家有什麼看法
1.FED基準利率
大家都知道FED還要升息到今年底或明年初
但是FED利率和長債利率不是直接連動的 長債利率是由市場買賣機制決定價格
所以這個部分是否有在市場上提前反應?
另外 前幾天的超前部署節目來賓認為FED會不惜一切升息來抑制通膨
所以還有機會升到更高?
2.外國央行動向
和第一點相關 債券買賣推手主要是機構法人和政府單位 非一般投資人
我注意到有個現象是FED利率狂升造成美金升值 會迫使外國央行賣美債
之前日圓一度貶破150時 日本央行出售美債阻貶 使得一時美債利率跳升
類似情況以後會不會再度發生呢?
3.FED QT
如果FED 依照計畫縮減美債持有量 應該會造成利率上升
但根據schwab的一篇分析提到 3年2.2兆的縮表等同30bps的利率影響
似乎影響沒有想像的大?
https://www.schwab.com/learn/story/rate-hikes-quantitative-tightening-and-bond-yields
4.未來的經濟衰退甚至金融危機
如果發生的話 理論上會造成長期公債利率下降 信用利差增加
在這個假設下 如果現在買公債 之後買公司債 是否比較合適?
當然我知道想要猜低點買低點本來就是不太可能的啦
但主要是好奇各位都是以什麼樣的策略或是想法出發
或者不要想太多分批買入就好?
(說真的我內心是想all in 6%投等債XD 因為收益夠多 賠錢的機率也比大部分資產來的小了
但想想還是不要太冒進好了.....)
另外關於要買債還是ETF的問題 也參考了版上很多有用的資訊
首先ETF好處是交易成本低 流動性高 信用風險分散 持續再投資
但是我想了半天還是覺得直債符合我的需求
主要是直債可以鎖定長天期固定現金流
ETF配息和淨值都會持續受到未來利率變動影響
雖然直債有到期後再投資的問題
但問題是我又不會長生不老 也不打算留很多遺產
所以總有一天要停止投資 把這些錢花掉
換個角度來解釋就是
1.ETF會永遠維持一定的Duration也就是利率敏感度
2.直債的Duration會隨著到期日的接近而逐步減少到消除
所以如果我的目標投資期間等於直債到期日的話 買直債才能減少風險
至於通貨膨脹這個因素太難預測我就先不考慮了(打算用房產配置來抗通膨)
但是我在思考 如果買ETF的話
是否可以在利率下跌淨值上升的時候賣出部分ETF 來達到固定現金流的目的
這個要試算一下才知道 但操作起來有點太複雜了...
※ 引述《survivals (none)》之銘言:
: 1.假設純粹就資產配置的角度來看,不考量匯率風險(因為美金之前就換好了)跟公司信
: 用風險(選投資等級的公司債,雖然也有可能會倒,但先不考慮這個怕問題失焦),現在
: Fed利率點陣圖是明年升到4.6%,那現在公司債的價格已經反映了嗎,還是等到明年Fed真
: 的如預期繼續升到4.6%,才會真正price-in?
: 2.承上,假設我只是單純要鎖定報酬率5%,我該怎麼佈局,是現在開始分批佈局(但萬一
: Fed最終升到8%我已經沒錢分批了),還是等到Fed開始降息才買(但公司債利率會不會一
: 下掉很快)?
: 3.最後,我該選擇短債還是長債?短債如果到期是不是就面臨再投資風險(屆時Fed降息
: ,利率沒那麼好了),長債是不是利率敏感度比較高。
--
我最近也在認真研究長天期美公債公司債
主要在思考2個問題 1.進場時機 2.要買ETF還是直債
記得幾個月前10年債升到3.5%版上就熱烈討論進場了
後來回彈了一下又狂升到4%多 投等債到6%上下 真的很誘人
但又怕不知會升到哪裡去 所以不敢買太多
我查了各方新聞討論 整理了一些影響因素 提出來請教大家有什麼看法
1.FED基準利率
大家都知道FED還要升息到今年底或明年初
但是FED利率和長債利率不是直接連動的 長債利率是由市場買賣機制決定價格
所以這個部分是否有在市場上提前反應?
另外 前幾天的超前部署節目來賓認為FED會不惜一切升息來抑制通膨
所以還有機會升到更高?
2.外國央行動向
和第一點相關 債券買賣推手主要是機構法人和政府單位 非一般投資人
我注意到有個現象是FED利率狂升造成美金升值 會迫使外國央行賣美債
之前日圓一度貶破150時 日本央行出售美債阻貶 使得一時美債利率跳升
類似情況以後會不會再度發生呢?
3.FED QT
如果FED 依照計畫縮減美債持有量 應該會造成利率上升
但根據schwab的一篇分析提到 3年2.2兆的縮表等同30bps的利率影響
似乎影響沒有想像的大?
https://www.schwab.com/learn/story/rate-hikes-quantitative-tightening-and-bond-yields
4.未來的經濟衰退甚至金融危機
如果發生的話 理論上會造成長期公債利率下降 信用利差增加
在這個假設下 如果現在買公債 之後買公司債 是否比較合適?
當然我知道想要猜低點買低點本來就是不太可能的啦
但主要是好奇各位都是以什麼樣的策略或是想法出發
或者不要想太多分批買入就好?
(說真的我內心是想all in 6%投等債XD 因為收益夠多 賠錢的機率也比大部分資產來的小了
但想想還是不要太冒進好了.....)
另外關於要買債還是ETF的問題 也參考了版上很多有用的資訊
首先ETF好處是交易成本低 流動性高 信用風險分散 持續再投資
但是我想了半天還是覺得直債符合我的需求
主要是直債可以鎖定長天期固定現金流
ETF配息和淨值都會持續受到未來利率變動影響
雖然直債有到期後再投資的問題
但問題是我又不會長生不老 也不打算留很多遺產
所以總有一天要停止投資 把這些錢花掉
換個角度來解釋就是
1.ETF會永遠維持一定的Duration也就是利率敏感度
2.直債的Duration會隨著到期日的接近而逐步減少到消除
所以如果我的目標投資期間等於直債到期日的話 買直債才能減少風險
至於通貨膨脹這個因素太難預測我就先不考慮了(打算用房產配置來抗通膨)
但是我在思考 如果買ETF的話
是否可以在利率下跌淨值上升的時候賣出部分ETF 來達到固定現金流的目的
這個要試算一下才知道 但操作起來有點太複雜了...
※ 引述《survivals (none)》之銘言:
: 1.假設純粹就資產配置的角度來看,不考量匯率風險(因為美金之前就換好了)跟公司信
: 用風險(選投資等級的公司債,雖然也有可能會倒,但先不考慮這個怕問題失焦),現在
: Fed利率點陣圖是明年升到4.6%,那現在公司債的價格已經反映了嗎,還是等到明年Fed真
: 的如預期繼續升到4.6%,才會真正price-in?
: 2.承上,假設我只是單純要鎖定報酬率5%,我該怎麼佈局,是現在開始分批佈局(但萬一
: Fed最終升到8%我已經沒錢分批了),還是等到Fed開始降息才買(但公司債利率會不會一
: 下掉很快)?
: 3.最後,我該選擇短債還是長債?短債如果到期是不是就面臨再投資風險(屆時Fed降息
: ,利率沒那麼好了),長債是不是利率敏感度比較高。
--
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