專職交易需要哪些能力與條件? - 股票
By Lydia
at 2021-01-03T21:41
at 2021-01-03T21:41
Table of Contents
大叔我40辭掉穩定的工作,開始當專職投資人,有一些心得可以分享
如果你是版上神人等級就不適用,但如果是一般散戶可以參考看看
.
我以萬用小明為例,假設他原本年薪100萬,年化報酬率可以6%,然後資產已累積到
2000萬,每年平均賺120萬,已經超過上班的薪水,符合一般人財富自由的定義
那麼他提前退休或專職投資會碰到什麼財務風險?
.
一、#財務彈性下降
首先他退休後,理論上工作收入會減少甚至歸零,少了一個穩定來源,會更依賴投資收益
但問題是他投資報酬6%只是長期平均,每年都會有高低起伏,甚至虧損,
並不是一個固定收益,所以獲利金額要估保守一點。
再來,信用也是種重要資產,好的債務還可以增加財務的靈活度,但他退休後跟銀行借錢
會變困難,條件也會變差。
二、#投資組合風險承受度下降
隨著小明資金越大,風險承受度也會跟著下降。
以前他年輕時資產可能20萬或200萬,就算投資失利賠50%,也不過10萬、100萬,
了不起存個幾年就回來了。
但現在賠一半就是1000萬,就算在上班也不知道要賺多久才回來,
更何況現在還少了上班收入,回本會更困難。
去回顧美股過去近50年來的跌幅,最嚴重時,股災時曾有4~5成的回檔,
也曾經花了4~6年才收復失土。
即使是較保守的股6債4的配置,也曾遇過近3成的回檔,最後花了3年左右才回到原點。
想像一下你資產跌掉600萬到1000萬,然後不知何時解套,
在當下絕對會讓你賠到懷疑人生。
小明未來投資期限很長,一定還有機會遇到嚴重股災,必須思考如何避免資產大幅縮水,
及套牢期間該如何處理。
三、#資金機會成本提高
既然風險承受度下降,那他就保守點,把現金部位拉高不就得了?
其實這個風險也不小,因為他資金的機會成本提高了。
假如以前有200萬,就算都不投資,一年也只不過少12萬。
但現在假如看空都保留現金,看錯了,一年就會少120萬。
加上退休後更需要投資收益,所以他空手要付出的代價比以前大很多
想要擇時進出股市也變成是件風險高的行為。
四、#結論
所以小明想要提早退休或專職投資要具備什麼條件呢?
1.#要累積到多少錢?
假如保守來算,假設長期投資報酬率4~5%,反推回來大約資產是年薪或生活費的20~25倍
以上,假如退休後有保險或退休金等固定給付的話,這數字還可以再降低。
年薪代表你辭職的機會成本,生活費則看個人生活品質要求,所以這些數字都是因人而異
,沒有標準答案。
2.#借貸
假如有跟銀行借貸需求,最好在工作條件好時就要去申請,不然辭職後就相對困難。
很多年紀輕輕就在專職投資的朋友常常忽略這一點,比如房貸,當然你有本事全部用現金
買也是可以,但之後資金使用的效率就會差一點。
3.#穩定收益
辭職後,你必須長時間把多數資金都投入市場,以賺取投資收益,但又要能達到穩定的
標準。
而且還要有能力處理波動風險(#特別是最大回撤最重要),做好壓力測試,可以通過股災
的考驗。
我的經驗是整體投資組合的回撤,最好不要超過兩成,再多就比較危險。
另外風險報酬比最好要拉高,比如目標是用更低的風險,取得接近大盤的報酬,
或者雖然跟大盤波動差不多,但能取得更好的報酬。
4.#簡化投資
最後,如果能簡化投資策略會更好,這點就因人而異,我是因為退休後想享受生活
顧家庭也要花比較多時間,所以不想花太多精力看盤及研究
其實投資到後來你會發現,越簡單才越容易堅持下去。
現在市面上雖然有很多財務自由或提早退休的書,但坦白說,
對於核心投資內容,比如風險這部分都寫得太少,或作者認識得不夠完整,
光看那些內容很容易產生誤會。
其實財務自由或專職投資之路比較像通往懸崖,如果還不會飛就已走到懸崖邊緣,
千萬不要跳下去。
有興趣的版友,可以先看完這篇文章,好好評估一下風險跟條件後再說。
--
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