實質總薪資創最高 蔡英文:國民黨做不到 - 股票
By Elma
at 2018-07-16T23:17
at 2018-07-16T23:17
Table of Contents
如果有任何一個離岸風電的產業分析只看風機本身 那可以不用看了
引用美國NREL國家實驗室報告 把離岸風電成本結構整理如下:
NREL: 2015 Cost of Wind Energy Review
假設看20年整個運轉生命週期
CAPEX期初投入成本占55% (包含風機、支援設備、財務成本等)
OPEX運轉維護成本占45%
把CAPEX的55%這部分再細切:
風機本身31.8%
開發規劃1.4%
工程管理1.6%
水下結構14.7%
港口支援0.5%
電氣設施(含海纜)8.6%
組裝與架設19.3%
電廠商轉0.8%
電廠除役5.1%
緊急應變6.4%
建設財務8.7%
保險1%
一般來說風機本身成本包含三大部分,結構大概如下:
(參考Crone Esteat: A Guide to an Offshore Wind Farm)
機箱:50%
葉片系統:30%
塔架20%
前文講到機箱裡面的東西 就算全部無法國產化其實也只占不到10%
不管是塔架、葉片或水下結構 國外進口划算嗎?
更不用說後續的運轉維護 廠商會叫整團外國人留這這邊顧嗎?
※ 引述《ReDmango (10K高清天才小釣手)》之銘言:
: 我也真的不知道該講什麼
: 股版或八卦版到處都是只看新聞的
: 正方反方都只看新聞說話
: 來 我們來談談甚麼是風電國產化
: 本篇文不談風機在無風或巨風時不運作等問題
: 只談政策面
: 在各年度併網的廠商
: 必須向我國政府「承諾」以下項目國產化
: 2021:塔架、水下基礎、電力設施、海事工程及船舶本土化
: 2023:輪轂鑄件、鼻錐罩、變壓器、電纜線、機艙組裝
: 2024:葉片、機艙罩、齒輪箱
: 經濟部本來規畫
: 廠商要投標離岸遴選
: 必須先提出國產化計畫才能參與
: 後來國際大廠都紛紛說有困難
: 所以經濟部改成不用提出計畫
: 只要「承諾會盡力達成國產化」就可以
: 這件事情就很好玩了
: 國際大廠說有困難、做不到的事情
: 只要改成承諾就可以做到了
: 明眼人 都知道甚麼意思吧
: 經濟部:「你能不能國產化?」
: 廠商:「有困難。」
: 經濟部:「好吧,那你能不能承諾盡力國產化?」
: 廠商:「顆顆,當然沒問題。」
: MOU(合作備忘錄)的「承諾」與「盡力」
: 經濟部沒有任何的方法可以反制
: 經濟部一直說 如果廠商沒有國產化
: 可以減少躉購價 甚至是解約給下個廠商
: 首先
: 我國政府要如何證明該廠商沒有「盡力」達成國產化
: 若廠商有開標給國內廠
: 但國內廠達不到丹能等公司開出的規格
: 假設國際大廠真的都願意100%特定上游國產化
: 我們再回頭看上方寫的經濟部規定國產化零組件
: 2021:塔架、水下基礎、電力設施、海事工程及船舶本土化
: 2023:輪轂鑄件、鼻錐罩、變壓器、電纜線、機艙組裝
: 2024:葉片、機艙罩、齒輪箱
: 而離岸風電核心關鍵技術,也就是離岸風機的五臟:
: 功率轉換系統、控制器、偏航軸承、變槳軸承、
: 發電機、傳動系統、軸承、齒輪箱。
: 聰明的你有發現甚麼嗎?
: 離岸風電的核心技術
: 只有齒輪箱國產化
: 而齒輪箱還只是稍微擦上核心邊的
: 偏航變槳系統、控制器
: 這兩個最最最關鍵五臟中的心臟
: 完全沒有國產化
: 而為何沒有國產化
: 因為經濟部也知道不可能國產化
: 國內業者有技術缺口 完全做不出來
: 難道要叫國際大廠把核心商業設計技轉台灣?
: 想也知道癡人說夢
: 所以經濟部也很明白的規定
: 核心技術除了發電機「盡力國產化」
: 其他都不用
: 於是二十年後
: 這批離岸風機退役
: 台灣除了OEM特定零組件的生產或組裝
: 核心技術甚麼都沒有
: 有沒有覺得似曾相識?
: 這不就是很多人在喊的
: 台灣過了80年代後卻不轉型跨入研發的狀況?
: 國產化一直喊 最後國產了甚麼
: 國機國造 你造的出戰機引擎?
: 國艦國造 你造的出戰艦引擎?
: 還不都是買外國核心技術 回台灣拼裝外殼
: 拚好就變成國機國造 國艦國造
--
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