定期 vs 終身 ---從風險分散角度 - 保險
By Adele
at 2011-07-07T13:28
at 2011-07-07T13:28
Table of Contents
首先,我是定期的擁護者無疑,但我不喜歡只要出現終身字眼,一率就是先砍掉
的論點。另外,這篇的討倫內容是針對醫療與意外險。
先說結論,終身與定期並不是互斥的,是否需要終身,與要保人的預算有很大關
係,個人認為,在一般情況下,年預算在2.5萬以下,是沒必要考慮終身,但超過2.5
萬的部分,可以有20-30%的金額投保在終身,且比例隨預算增加而增加。
論點如下:
1.保險公司的保費是純保費+附加費用,純保費是預期理賠保戶的部分,若假設預期與
將來的事實相當,那終身是具有保障效果的,但爭議點在預期不一定與事實相當,
尤其是距今時間點越久的未來,更是難以預測,所以投保終身的風險大於定期,這
個風險是中立的,意即有利與不利都是有可能的,但可以肯定的是終身仍有一定的保
障效果,只是比定期差。
2.從風險分散角度看,投資組合理論指出,若現有甲、乙兩種商品,甲與乙具有某些
不同風險,甲的總風險大於乙,則最低風險並不是100%乙,而是其中一種甲與乙的
組合。
這段話套到保險裡面就是,雖然終身的風險高於定期,但是最有保障的做法並不是
全部買定期,而是定期與終身的組合。
但組合的比例是多少?這我沒有數據,沒辦法給標準答案,如果是1%終身,那其實
3萬保費的保險,僅能買$300的終身,市面上好像沒有這個價位的終身險吧!我也很
好奇大家心中直覺的比例是多少?
3.以經濟學的角度看,商品的邊際效益是遞減的,舉例來說,實支實付雜費額度,100
萬的效益並不是10萬的10倍,購買定期保險也是,當定期的保費愈高,增加的保障
效果會降低,到了某個臨界點,效益會比終身低,也就是說,預算到達一定程度,
搭配部分終身會更有效益。
4.終身的比例除了預算,還有其他因素,例如家族平均壽命、生活習慣、理財觀念、年
齡等。年齡印象中有相關文章。
5.對於已經繳費幾年的終身,若將已繳保費當沉沒成本,則繼續投保的效益會提高,也
就是說,這時候砍掉換買定期不一定是最有利的,或許可以考慮以降低保額的方式處
理。保留一定比例終身。
--
--
的論點。另外,這篇的討倫內容是針對醫療與意外險。
先說結論,終身與定期並不是互斥的,是否需要終身,與要保人的預算有很大關
係,個人認為,在一般情況下,年預算在2.5萬以下,是沒必要考慮終身,但超過2.5
萬的部分,可以有20-30%的金額投保在終身,且比例隨預算增加而增加。
論點如下:
1.保險公司的保費是純保費+附加費用,純保費是預期理賠保戶的部分,若假設預期與
將來的事實相當,那終身是具有保障效果的,但爭議點在預期不一定與事實相當,
尤其是距今時間點越久的未來,更是難以預測,所以投保終身的風險大於定期,這
個風險是中立的,意即有利與不利都是有可能的,但可以肯定的是終身仍有一定的保
障效果,只是比定期差。
2.從風險分散角度看,投資組合理論指出,若現有甲、乙兩種商品,甲與乙具有某些
不同風險,甲的總風險大於乙,則最低風險並不是100%乙,而是其中一種甲與乙的
組合。
這段話套到保險裡面就是,雖然終身的風險高於定期,但是最有保障的做法並不是
全部買定期,而是定期與終身的組合。
但組合的比例是多少?這我沒有數據,沒辦法給標準答案,如果是1%終身,那其實
3萬保費的保險,僅能買$300的終身,市面上好像沒有這個價位的終身險吧!我也很
好奇大家心中直覺的比例是多少?
3.以經濟學的角度看,商品的邊際效益是遞減的,舉例來說,實支實付雜費額度,100
萬的效益並不是10萬的10倍,購買定期保險也是,當定期的保費愈高,增加的保障
效果會降低,到了某個臨界點,效益會比終身低,也就是說,預算到達一定程度,
搭配部分終身會更有效益。
4.終身的比例除了預算,還有其他因素,例如家族平均壽命、生活習慣、理財觀念、年
齡等。年齡印象中有相關文章。
5.對於已經繳費幾年的終身,若將已繳保費當沉沒成本,則繼續投保的效益會提高,也
就是說,這時候砍掉換買定期不一定是最有利的,或許可以考慮以降低保額的方式處
理。保留一定比例終身。
--
--
Tags:
保險
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