優雅 投資 - 股票QA
By Blanche
at 2022-05-05T12:10
at 2022-05-05T12:10
Table of Contents
優雅‧投資 (2022波克夏股東會心得)
最近投資界的一個大事件就是波克夏2022股東會重回線下,這是一年一度的盛會
。全世界的投資人會不辭千里,聚集到美國中部的一個小城市奧瑪哈,只為了親眼見到股
神巴菲特一面,吸取他的投資智慧。說到這個我覺得美國的投資環境還是比較成熟。一個
股東會不是開了就算了,該有的影片與逐字稿都少不了。反觀台灣的公司,我真的不知道
該說甚麼。
身為波克夏的皮米股東(比奈米股東更小...),我自然也是把影片跟逐字稿都看
完。一如既往,聽股神開示後總覺得自己又更成長了一點。我長期追蹤並研究巴菲特,所
以今年巴菲特的談話並沒有甚麼讓我覺得特別新奇的地方。好吧,我承認動視暴雪的投資
竟然是巴菲特主導,這的確出乎意料。不過知道原因之後也覺得理所當然,畢竟併購套利
這種事老巴幾十年前就在玩了,我們也學了,但就是沒有執行(哈...)。但這次的股東會
因為發生的時間點正好是股市經過兩年大多頭並且轉空的時刻,因此許多問題都圍繞在通
膨、經濟衰退等等問題。股神的回答跟這幾十年來也差不多,不過卻讓我重新梳理了自己
的投資邏輯。
投資仍然要以價值為基礎
我們不是價值投資,巴菲特也不是價值投資,但每個人其實都是在投資價值。只
是你看到的價值跟我看到的價值也許不一樣。過去兩年的大多頭時期讓許多人認為「投資
」(這兩個字可代換成撈錢、贏錢等等,因人而異...) 很簡單,最近股市的下行震盪也洗
了很多人的臉。然而真正的投資者根本就不會有感覺,因為我們並不太關注股價。身為公
司股東,我們關心的是公司是否一如既往地在原本的生意模式上持續獲利。公司是否持續
將帶來的收益做有效的投資或分享給股東。這才是公司的真正價值,而我們所投資的價值
就是這種能帶來利潤的能力展現(Earning Power Value)。
就像巴菲特今年股東會回答比特幣的看法時,就很生動地以持有土地與公寓等資
產來說明,為什麼他並不會投資比特幣。
If you tell me you own 1% of the apartment houses in the United States and
you offer me a 1% interest, so I’ll have a 1% interest in all the apartment
houses in the country, and you want whatever it may be for it, call it
another $25 billion or something, I’ll write you a check. You know, it’s
very simple.
Now, if you told me you owned all of the bitcoin in the world, and you
offered it to me for $25, I wouldn’t take it, because what would I do with
it? I have to sell it back to you one way or another. I mean, maybe not these
same people, but it isn’t going to do anything.
道理很簡單,因為我們投資的初衷是購買具有生產力的資產並藉由該資產的獲利
來取得收益,並不是為了想著要把手中的資產以更高價賣給別人。這也是造就長期投資最
主要的心態基礎。投資並不是不能買低賣高,只是你賣高的理由不應該是基於預判股價未
來走勢即將下跌,而是因為賣出後的資金可以有更好的用途才做變賣。(機會比較法)
但是千萬別搞錯,投資價值不是說我們一定要投資那些收益穩定且已經獲利多年的大企業
或老公司。別忘了投資的本質是前瞻,我們要預判的不是球的落點而是他落地反彈之後的
方向。我們可以投資具有穩定收益的傳統產業,也可以投資正在燒錢投資的新創企業,前
提是我們足夠了解其商業模式並且前瞻這筆投資的未來價值。這不會很難,你可以挑你擅
長的領域去研究,每個人總會懂一些東西,總是可以比別人更清楚某些領域,投資是持續
且永不中斷的,我們有大把的時間可以玩這個遊戲,真的不急。
優雅的投資人
我對於巴菲特的崇拜,並非全然來自於驚人的長期績效。更令我欣賞與羨慕的是
他那種從容優雅的投資氣質。在這次股東會,他回答一個關於股票回購的提問時,完全將
這種態度展露無疑。有個股東自認為自己搞懂了巴菲特回購股票的邏輯,並且推導出了一
套公式。他認為巴菲特是以內含價值與股價的差距來決定回購股票的力度。然而巴菲特只
是笑著對他說:「你錯了」,「我們從來不是那種會熬夜研究公式的人」,他說波克夏決
定把錢拿去買別家公司(business)或是回購自家股票,唯一的依據只是我們有多少錢還有
我們覺得價錢划不划算。(資金配置與價值評估)
GLEN TONGUE: My question relates to share repurchases. Since you started
buying back Berkshire shares, in size two years ago, the repurchases have
ranged between $1 billion and $3 billion per month. By my estimate, it
appears that the buyback rate is about $3 billion per month when Berkshire’s
trading at a 20% or so discount to intrinsic value, $2 billion per month at
about a 10% discount, and a billion per month at a zero to 10% value. Do I
have that approximately right? And do any other factors influence the rate of
share repurchases?
WARREN BUFFETT: Well, after you were so nice in your introduction, I have to
say that (Laughs) you’re actually wrong in that. If somebody had offered us
$50 billion worth of stock at a certain point in the last three or four, five
months, we’d have taken it. You know, it’s that simple.
And, as I mentioned earlier, we haven’t bought any stock in April. It’s
something that, when we can do it, and we know, at least we think the
probabilities are very high, we certainly believe it in terms of our own
evaluation and our own investment, if we think that we’re improving things
for the remaining shareholder, we’ll buy it back. And if we don’t, we don’
t buy it back.
And if we have the choice of buying businesses that we like, or buying back
stock — the controlling factor’s how much money we have, we’d rather buy
businesses. And so, you know, we don’t stay awake at night working out
formulas, or anything of the sort. But we don’t ever do it if we think that
we’re not doing something at the time.
If we had a lemonade stand, and Charlie and I and you owned it, and the
lemonade stand was making us about a buck a week or something, and we divided
it up. And then you said you wanted to get out. And if you said one number,
and we’d have the funds in our little lemonade company, we’d buy you out.
And if we didn’t like the price, we wouldn’t buy you out."
就是這種優雅、簡單的投資態度讓我對於巴菲特流派特別傾心。因為這種從容投資的態度
才可以真的釋放自己的時間去享受自己喜愛的事物,同時又能享受財富成長的果實。
我覺得我不會是一個在投資上大放異彩的人,因為身為投資者我實在太不努力了。我幾乎
不看盤、不看新聞、不管總經,我的時間幾乎都用來陪家人、打電動、看閒書、喝咖啡、
衝浪、看電影...當然還有努力工作。為了要讓自己更輕鬆、更快樂的生活,我選擇讓時
間變成投資的朋友而非敵人。也就是說我選擇的投資方法必須沒有任何時間壓力,甚至必
須讓時間成為一種助力。
我常常思考,如果現在我只能買進一檔股票而且一輩子都不能賣出,唯一的收益是每個月
收到公司收入的10%,那麼我會買哪家公司。通常這樣的思考最終會導向一家體質安全、
收入逐漸成長、商業模式可理解、存續期長、而且我私心喜愛(這點很重要...)的公司。
總而言之,投資是為了改善人生。如果投資可以讓我們從容優雅又長久持續獲利,那麼對
我們個人來說就是成功了。
--
最近投資界的一個大事件就是波克夏2022股東會重回線下,這是一年一度的盛會
。全世界的投資人會不辭千里,聚集到美國中部的一個小城市奧瑪哈,只為了親眼見到股
神巴菲特一面,吸取他的投資智慧。說到這個我覺得美國的投資環境還是比較成熟。一個
股東會不是開了就算了,該有的影片與逐字稿都少不了。反觀台灣的公司,我真的不知道
該說甚麼。
身為波克夏的皮米股東(比奈米股東更小...),我自然也是把影片跟逐字稿都看
完。一如既往,聽股神開示後總覺得自己又更成長了一點。我長期追蹤並研究巴菲特,所
以今年巴菲特的談話並沒有甚麼讓我覺得特別新奇的地方。好吧,我承認動視暴雪的投資
竟然是巴菲特主導,這的確出乎意料。不過知道原因之後也覺得理所當然,畢竟併購套利
這種事老巴幾十年前就在玩了,我們也學了,但就是沒有執行(哈...)。但這次的股東會
因為發生的時間點正好是股市經過兩年大多頭並且轉空的時刻,因此許多問題都圍繞在通
膨、經濟衰退等等問題。股神的回答跟這幾十年來也差不多,不過卻讓我重新梳理了自己
的投資邏輯。
投資仍然要以價值為基礎
我們不是價值投資,巴菲特也不是價值投資,但每個人其實都是在投資價值。只
是你看到的價值跟我看到的價值也許不一樣。過去兩年的大多頭時期讓許多人認為「投資
」(這兩個字可代換成撈錢、贏錢等等,因人而異...) 很簡單,最近股市的下行震盪也洗
了很多人的臉。然而真正的投資者根本就不會有感覺,因為我們並不太關注股價。身為公
司股東,我們關心的是公司是否一如既往地在原本的生意模式上持續獲利。公司是否持續
將帶來的收益做有效的投資或分享給股東。這才是公司的真正價值,而我們所投資的價值
就是這種能帶來利潤的能力展現(Earning Power Value)。
就像巴菲特今年股東會回答比特幣的看法時,就很生動地以持有土地與公寓等資
產來說明,為什麼他並不會投資比特幣。
If you tell me you own 1% of the apartment houses in the United States and
you offer me a 1% interest, so I’ll have a 1% interest in all the apartment
houses in the country, and you want whatever it may be for it, call it
another $25 billion or something, I’ll write you a check. You know, it’s
very simple.
Now, if you told me you owned all of the bitcoin in the world, and you
offered it to me for $25, I wouldn’t take it, because what would I do with
it? I have to sell it back to you one way or another. I mean, maybe not these
same people, but it isn’t going to do anything.
道理很簡單,因為我們投資的初衷是購買具有生產力的資產並藉由該資產的獲利
來取得收益,並不是為了想著要把手中的資產以更高價賣給別人。這也是造就長期投資最
主要的心態基礎。投資並不是不能買低賣高,只是你賣高的理由不應該是基於預判股價未
來走勢即將下跌,而是因為賣出後的資金可以有更好的用途才做變賣。(機會比較法)
但是千萬別搞錯,投資價值不是說我們一定要投資那些收益穩定且已經獲利多年的大企業
或老公司。別忘了投資的本質是前瞻,我們要預判的不是球的落點而是他落地反彈之後的
方向。我們可以投資具有穩定收益的傳統產業,也可以投資正在燒錢投資的新創企業,前
提是我們足夠了解其商業模式並且前瞻這筆投資的未來價值。這不會很難,你可以挑你擅
長的領域去研究,每個人總會懂一些東西,總是可以比別人更清楚某些領域,投資是持續
且永不中斷的,我們有大把的時間可以玩這個遊戲,真的不急。
優雅的投資人
我對於巴菲特的崇拜,並非全然來自於驚人的長期績效。更令我欣賞與羨慕的是
他那種從容優雅的投資氣質。在這次股東會,他回答一個關於股票回購的提問時,完全將
這種態度展露無疑。有個股東自認為自己搞懂了巴菲特回購股票的邏輯,並且推導出了一
套公式。他認為巴菲特是以內含價值與股價的差距來決定回購股票的力度。然而巴菲特只
是笑著對他說:「你錯了」,「我們從來不是那種會熬夜研究公式的人」,他說波克夏決
定把錢拿去買別家公司(business)或是回購自家股票,唯一的依據只是我們有多少錢還有
我們覺得價錢划不划算。(資金配置與價值評估)
GLEN TONGUE: My question relates to share repurchases. Since you started
buying back Berkshire shares, in size two years ago, the repurchases have
ranged between $1 billion and $3 billion per month. By my estimate, it
appears that the buyback rate is about $3 billion per month when Berkshire’s
trading at a 20% or so discount to intrinsic value, $2 billion per month at
about a 10% discount, and a billion per month at a zero to 10% value. Do I
have that approximately right? And do any other factors influence the rate of
share repurchases?
WARREN BUFFETT: Well, after you were so nice in your introduction, I have to
say that (Laughs) you’re actually wrong in that. If somebody had offered us
$50 billion worth of stock at a certain point in the last three or four, five
months, we’d have taken it. You know, it’s that simple.
And, as I mentioned earlier, we haven’t bought any stock in April. It’s
something that, when we can do it, and we know, at least we think the
probabilities are very high, we certainly believe it in terms of our own
evaluation and our own investment, if we think that we’re improving things
for the remaining shareholder, we’ll buy it back. And if we don’t, we don’
t buy it back.
And if we have the choice of buying businesses that we like, or buying back
stock — the controlling factor’s how much money we have, we’d rather buy
businesses. And so, you know, we don’t stay awake at night working out
formulas, or anything of the sort. But we don’t ever do it if we think that
we’re not doing something at the time.
If we had a lemonade stand, and Charlie and I and you owned it, and the
lemonade stand was making us about a buck a week or something, and we divided
it up. And then you said you wanted to get out. And if you said one number,
and we’d have the funds in our little lemonade company, we’d buy you out.
And if we didn’t like the price, we wouldn’t buy you out."
就是這種優雅、簡單的投資態度讓我對於巴菲特流派特別傾心。因為這種從容投資的態度
才可以真的釋放自己的時間去享受自己喜愛的事物,同時又能享受財富成長的果實。
我覺得我不會是一個在投資上大放異彩的人,因為身為投資者我實在太不努力了。我幾乎
不看盤、不看新聞、不管總經,我的時間幾乎都用來陪家人、打電動、看閒書、喝咖啡、
衝浪、看電影...當然還有努力工作。為了要讓自己更輕鬆、更快樂的生活,我選擇讓時
間變成投資的朋友而非敵人。也就是說我選擇的投資方法必須沒有任何時間壓力,甚至必
須讓時間成為一種助力。
我常常思考,如果現在我只能買進一檔股票而且一輩子都不能賣出,唯一的收益是每個月
收到公司收入的10%,那麼我會買哪家公司。通常這樣的思考最終會導向一家體質安全、
收入逐漸成長、商業模式可理解、存續期長、而且我私心喜愛(這點很重要...)的公司。
總而言之,投資是為了改善人生。如果投資可以讓我們從容優雅又長久持續獲利,那麼對
我們個人來說就是成功了。
--
Tags:
股票
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