UPST MNDY SQ 多 - 股票QA
By Harry
at 2022-05-10T19:52
at 2022-05-10T19:52
Table of Contents
今年的從1月初到現在(5/10)盤前的 Time weighted return 來到 -64%,十萬塊剩下三萬
六的意思。等於從2019開始的利潤都吐回去。UPST是我目前財報後唯一有大動作的公司。
我先寫我動作,再寫原因。
財報前佔我25%部位,財報後一瞬間跌到剩16%,我砍到剩下5%,接下來今天開盤會砍到剩
1-2%左右,這部分會在接下來三個月內慢慢加進三家公司 SNOW,DDOG,TSLA。明年開始
會回來補UPST。
UPST 這季的財報非常非常差。這跟去年十一月那次開始跌不同,是真的管理層講明了利
率影響造成的今年營收成長停滯。
我認為公司產品(分析放款風險)表現沒有問題。問題是出在
1) 合作銀行放款緊縮:他們的產品策略是只提供分析,讓銀行決定自己可以承受多少風
險。合作銀行數在Q1大幅上升(多了15家)結果營收預測下修整整200M,代表整體放款緊
縮快30%。這一年以內我認為情況不會變。
2) 在法說會內有提到美國州政府規定銀行放款的利率不能超過36%,基準利率上升,會造
成很多來借錢的高風險申請者的可提供利率高於36%,申請會被自動退回。這點老實講是
我完全沒想到的,代表很多他們產品能賣的族群,在他們放款模型變更準確之前會無法賣
。這些>36%利率族群內,一定是有些人實際利率應該是20%,一些人是100%或是根本不能
借(拿到錢就去賭,得癌症跑來借錢不打算還,等等),如果不能一籃子放超過36%利率
的款,唯一能得到資料的方法就是賠本賣:Upstart把這些貸款不透過銀行,而是盈虧自
負。模型進化需要資料量,而資料量需要時間(還款是一月一次,代表你一年每個人最多
只有12個點),所以不會那麼快。
https://ir.upstart.com/static-files/abb1aa09-a5a1-48f2-8880-296632a95404
我所謂公司產品表現沒有問題,可以從這個的第12頁右邊的表格來看。我認為這個表做得
很好,講的就是他們模型跟FICO比較的結果。Upstart 的模型能把風險的區塊長度從
FICO 的 3.4 - 7.7 拉開到 0.7 - 9.0,在不考慮樣本數大小的情況下這點很好。我也有
關注 KBRA 的違約比例,也是在控制範圍內。但我沒考慮到州政府法律規定的36%利率上
限。很多人會去借這種貸說要付帳單結果跑去賭博的,所以利率高是必要的。
為什麼不繼續抱著低估值的 UPST 而是加進三家高估值的公司,原因是因為這三家公司都
還是高成長(TSLA財報可去看看,目前一樣是嚴重缺貨狀態),我一塊錢放進 DDOG,在
估值不變的前提下明年會變成1.7塊,但 UPST 短期內不會有好消息,所以估值我認為變
動的機會不高,也不會因為營收成長造成實際價值上升。這是我的推測。
但明年開始UPST車貸會開始佔較大比例,我認為以他們的模型品質跟財務狀況及估值來說
是很值得的賭注。我最早買TSLA(2016-2017左右)就是認為他們的資料收集手段會讓他
們家的產品無人能敵。我認為UPST的做法也會有類似效果。金融服務的資料收集速度雖然
很慢,但好的風險模型策略會把整個貸款業吃得一乾二凈。我投資SQ也是類似想法。
說到SQ
這季財報成長只有15%,我反而認為問題不大,因為是跟去年2021Q1 美國發消費券的時候
比,去年CashApp鼓勵大家把消費券放進 CashApp 花掉,今年沒有消費券,所以 CashApp
營收跟去年同季比感覺很慘,但你去看兩年或三年的營收是沒什麼問題的。我後來聽在
Paypal做過的同事說,其實像Venmo人跟人之間轉帳,即便是免費的轉帳轉到個人銀行,
Venmo也是有賺錢的,手續費非常低但是銀行自己消化掉,變成Venmo的利潤,如果是真的
那CashApp也一樣。這點我上網查一直查不到相關資料,所以存疑。
我一直有說SQ我買的看法跟高成長公司不同,沒出什麼超級大狀況(Jack Dorsey葛屁之
類)我不會去動它。
最後講講心理
這是我投資股市20年來上下震盪最大的一年。可能有人會覺得-64%是三小,為什麼還不換
方法?如果我-64%是源自於持有爛體質的公司,那我肯定會換方法。這次不同,完全是
估值變動,所以我手上持股不會調換。我認為這些公司除了UPST以外,業績都不會受到調
升利率影響,所以我會一直買。
我從一月到現在一樣是手上有閒錢就買。沒有任何賣,唯一賣的就是昨天UPST盤後。這些
閒錢不會影響到我們家庭的日常生活:我認為股市就是這樣,你如果放進去的錢,是生活
會用到的錢,那就不可能放得長久,也無法承受這種跟公司體質無關的價格波動。只有用
閒錢,我才能貫徹買好公司不買好價位的個人做法。這也是我一直有說不能借錢來買股票
的原因。如果你會因為股價上下而睡不好,那就代表你放進去的錢太多。我-64%照樣睡。
這一波下殺,幾乎所有的公司估值都殺到歷史新低,但營運狀況除了 UPST 以外都沒有受
到大環境影響。我今年一樣會有閒錢就加。
--
Tags:
股票
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