microeconomics-cost benefit analysis - 經濟

Carol avatar
By Carol
at 2008-02-13T07:30

Table of Contents


不好意思 是經濟新手 一點概念都沒有 所以不曉得算得對不對^^"
請大家幫我修正觀念和算法
謝謝^__^

題目:a country imports 3 billion barrels of crude oil per year and
domestically produces another 3 billion barrels of crude oil per year.
The world price of crude oil is $18 per barrel. Assuming linear
schedules, economists estimate the price elasticity of domestic supply
to be 0.25 and the price elasticity of domestic demand to be 0.1 at
current equilibrium.

(a) consider the changes in social surplus that world result from
imposition of a $6 per barrel import fee on crude oil that would
involve annual administrative costs of $50 million. Assume that the
world price will not change as a result of the country imposing
the import fee, but that the domestic price will increase by $6 per
barrel. Also assume that only producers, consumers and
taxplayers(government) within the country have standing.

Determine the quantity consumed, the quantity produced domestically,
and the quantity imported after the imposition of the import fee,
and estimate the annual net social benefits of the import fee policy.

想法:很簡單的代入彈性需求公式(斜率倒數*18/6=0.1) 得到需求斜率= -30,
再代入P=18, Q=6 得到y=-30x+198這條需求線
所以代入P=24, 得到Q*=5.8

因此知道quantity consumed=5.8
quantity produced domestically 還是3
quantity imported after the imposition of import fee=5.8-3=2.8

同樣,代入彈性供給公式(斜率倒數*18/6=0.25) 得到供給斜率=12
代入P=18, Q=6 得到y=12x-54
所以代入P=24, 得到Q*=6.5

這樣就可以算出消費者剩餘 = 6*5.8+0.5*0.2*6 = 35.4
跟生產者剩餘 = 6*6+0.2*0.5*6 = 37.5

所以NSB=-35.4+37.5-0.05=2.05
==============================================================================
(b) assume the marginal excess burden of taxation in the country is 0.25,
re-estimate the net social benefits assuming that 20% of the increase
in producer surplus is collected as profit tax under the existing
system. Assumeing that increases in tax revenue from the profit tax
minus the cost of administrating the import fee are used to reduce
domestic taxes.

想法: 就只是很簡單的代入公式
NSB=消費者剩餘+生產者剩餘+ [(1+METB)*△GR]
=-35.4+37.5+[(1+0.25)*(37.5*0.2-0.05)]
= 11.4125
==============================================================================
(c) the reduction in the country's demand for imports may affet the
world price of crude oil. Assuming that the import fee reduces the
world price from$18 to $16 per barrel, the after tax domestic price
is $16+$6=$22 per barrel, a net increase in domestic price of $4 per
barrel, repeat (a) and (b).

想法: 我看不太懂這題@@"
這是指需求價格變成$16, 所以代入彈性公式(斜率倒數*16/6=0.1)
得到斜率=-26.67
再用P=16, Q=6去代 得到Y=-26.67x+176
所以if p=22, x=5.775

因此知道quantity consumed=5.775
quantity produced domestically 還是3
quantity imported after the imposition of import fee=2.775 ???

至於供給彈性就沒有變 跟a剛剛算的一樣?
所以if p =22 x =6.33

這樣就可以算出△CS=6*5.775+0.225*0.5*6=35.325
△PS=4*6+2*4*0.33=24.66
NSB=-35.325+24.66-0.05=-10.715

至於考慮到METB (repeat (b))
NSB=-35.325+24.66+(1.25*(24.66*0.2-0.05))=-4.61084
===============================================================================

不好意思問題那麼長
請問一下我的觀念跟算法正確嗎@@"
這對版上的大大可能是小兒科
可是我相當不確定我的答案 搞不好全部都算錯>"<

還請各位大大指教

謝謝^___^




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All Comments

高級品運往國外?

Margaret avatar
By Margaret
at 2008-02-13T00:58
※ 引述《stasis (流雨風雪)》之銘言: : ※ 引述《dreambreaken (小滅滅)》之銘言: : : → travelfox:看不懂為什麼高級品要運到國外 118.166.173.250 02/11 22:53 : : → dreambreaken:相對於次級品更能賣得好價錢 ...

高級品運往國外?

Barb Cronin avatar
By Barb Cronin
at 2008-02-13T00:36
※ 引述《dreambreaken (小滅滅)》之銘言: : → travelfox:看不懂為什麼高級品要運到國外 118.166.173.250 02/11 22:53 : → dreambreaken:相對於次級品更能賣得好價錢 118.169.196.35 02/11 ...

Re: 為什麼總是會有月經文

Kyle avatar
By Kyle
at 2008-02-13T00:18
※ 引述《yuekun ()》之銘言: : 你慢慢笑吧。我的勇氣就是我覺得我的想法應該沒錯 : 我只能說 「所有的科學 都有標準答案 只是人類尚未找到」 「對於科學的理解,一種觀念認為符合事實的或者被實驗驗證為正確的學說才叫科學, 錯誤的學說則不符合科學。另一種觀念則認為,所有的學問都是科學,在可驗證的學 問 ...

高級品運往國外?

John avatar
By John
at 2008-02-12T23:08
※ 引述《dreambreaken (小滅滅)》之銘言: : 經濟學裡面 : 由於替代效果等因素 : 所以推論高級品會運往國外賣 : 次級品會留在國內 : 最近去了日本 : 發現完全不是這回事 : 幾乎他們都把最高檔的產品留在國內而不外銷 : 例如:煙,清酒,味增.... : 而且在大阪買不到北海道的名產 : ...

Re: 為什麼總是會有月經文

Genevieve avatar
By Genevieve
at 2008-02-12T19:23
我想你說的有標準答案 也是有道理的 如果今天有一個封閉的實驗室 裡面有貨幣 有商品 有國家.... 我們可以控制所有的混淆變項 這樣的情況下 我們可以把一切人民偏好 人民的預期都固定 這樣 實驗就可以有因果的絕對推斷了 就像是甚麼都不動下(尤其是人的消費數量) 貨幣數量增加 這個實驗室裏面物價就會上升嘍 再 ...