量子霸權對於矽產業是利多還是利空? - 股票

By Tristan Cohan
at 2019-11-08T15:32
at 2019-11-08T15:32
Table of Contents
※ 引述《davidwales (cluster)》之銘言:
: 矽產業為主的台積電和其他製造商
: 我自己評估或許還有5年光景 可以在技術和資本部分領先同業
: 稍微了解了一下 google和 IBM等等所宣稱的量子計算和量子霸權
: 這各運算速度在特定領域 比方說 加密 醫學 分子奈米科學等等
: 在運算力上的速度可以是傳統電腦的幾百萬倍
: 或許不能完全取代矽製成
: 但光是HPC 這部分
: 未來量子霸權真的實現
: 這塊應該會全部移到量子電腦的硬體製造產線吧 因為矽晶片完全沒有競爭優勢啊
: 量子電腦目前還不需要微縮技術 運算力就已經比傳統電腦大上好幾個數量級了
: 這個對於目前台灣的矽製程產業 是利多還是利空呢?
: 各位的看法?!
: 能否討論一下?
: 謝謝
1.
量子運算可以在多項式時間內解決BQP問題,BQP包含P
不過「理論上的計算能力與時間複雜度」和「實際上的工程架構」是兩個問題
不是說量子圖靈機的能力比圖靈機強大
就代表可工程實現的量子運算架構就比馮紐曼機(一種圖靈機的實作)來得快
為了行文方便,後面會以量子運算/傳統運算作為代稱詞
2.
就目前的發展趨勢來看,量子運算和傳統運算需要互相輔助
因為大多數的P問題上,傳統運算都有壓倒性的速度與能耗優勢
畢竟控制電荷比控制量子效應容易得多
但有少數的BQP問題需要量子運算才能在可接受的時間內解決
3.
量子運算目前出現在研究中心,大約2030年時成本可以降低到普及至Datacenter
矽基技術方面,樂觀一點的話可能在2035~2040左右成熟?
成本要降低到能普及到個人裝置上的話,可能要2050年以後了
(但是否有這種應用或需求不確定)
4.
矽基技術還是最有商業潛力的方向
因為量子運算和傳統運算需要相輔相成,就有相互通訊的需求
發展到最後還是得封裝在一起並且耐受足夠的溫度
當然這中間要克服非常多的物理、材料和工程問題
5.
基於上文的種種理由
矽產業的兩大巨頭TSMC/Intel都有投錢在矽量子技術上
但離真正可商業化的矽量子運算元件,至少還有二十年的距離
總結一下
1. 量子運算架構要普及,還是要靠矽製程實現
2. 不管有沒有量子運算,傳統運算的需求永遠存在而且只會持續增長
3. 矽製程在可見的五十年內都是長多,目前的發展還沒進入主升段
PS.
本文中所有的時間預測都不考慮奇點問題
因為奇點理論的核心概念就是預測奇點之後會發生什麼事毫無意義
--
: 矽產業為主的台積電和其他製造商
: 我自己評估或許還有5年光景 可以在技術和資本部分領先同業
: 稍微了解了一下 google和 IBM等等所宣稱的量子計算和量子霸權
: 這各運算速度在特定領域 比方說 加密 醫學 分子奈米科學等等
: 在運算力上的速度可以是傳統電腦的幾百萬倍
: 或許不能完全取代矽製成
: 但光是HPC 這部分
: 未來量子霸權真的實現
: 這塊應該會全部移到量子電腦的硬體製造產線吧 因為矽晶片完全沒有競爭優勢啊
: 量子電腦目前還不需要微縮技術 運算力就已經比傳統電腦大上好幾個數量級了
: 這個對於目前台灣的矽製程產業 是利多還是利空呢?
: 各位的看法?!
: 能否討論一下?
: 謝謝
1.
量子運算可以在多項式時間內解決BQP問題,BQP包含P
不過「理論上的計算能力與時間複雜度」和「實際上的工程架構」是兩個問題
不是說量子圖靈機的能力比圖靈機強大
就代表可工程實現的量子運算架構就比馮紐曼機(一種圖靈機的實作)來得快
為了行文方便,後面會以量子運算/傳統運算作為代稱詞
2.
就目前的發展趨勢來看,量子運算和傳統運算需要互相輔助
因為大多數的P問題上,傳統運算都有壓倒性的速度與能耗優勢
畢竟控制電荷比控制量子效應容易得多
但有少數的BQP問題需要量子運算才能在可接受的時間內解決
3.
量子運算目前出現在研究中心,大約2030年時成本可以降低到普及至Datacenter
矽基技術方面,樂觀一點的話可能在2035~2040左右成熟?
成本要降低到能普及到個人裝置上的話,可能要2050年以後了
(但是否有這種應用或需求不確定)
4.
矽基技術還是最有商業潛力的方向
因為量子運算和傳統運算需要相輔相成,就有相互通訊的需求
發展到最後還是得封裝在一起並且耐受足夠的溫度
當然這中間要克服非常多的物理、材料和工程問題
5.
基於上文的種種理由
矽產業的兩大巨頭TSMC/Intel都有投錢在矽量子技術上
但離真正可商業化的矽量子運算元件,至少還有二十年的距離
總結一下
1. 量子運算架構要普及,還是要靠矽製程實現
2. 不管有沒有量子運算,傳統運算的需求永遠存在而且只會持續增長
3. 矽製程在可見的五十年內都是長多,目前的發展還沒進入主升段
PS.
本文中所有的時間預測都不考慮奇點問題
因為奇點理論的核心概念就是預測奇點之後會發生什麼事毫無意義
--
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股票
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