這一天終究還是來了,首名基因編輯嬰兒中 - 股票
By Mason
at 2018-11-26T15:24
at 2018-11-26T15:24
Table of Contents
https://m.wallstreetcn.com/articles/3443726
"幾分鐘前,一條重磅新聞傳來。據人民網報導,“一對名為露露和娜娜的基因編輯嬰兒於11月在中國健康誕生。這對雙胞胎的一個基因經過修改,使她們出生後即能天然抵抗艾滋病。這是世界首例免疫艾滋病的基因編輯嬰兒,也意味著中國在基因編輯技術用於疾病預防領域實現歷史性突破。 ”消息一經傳出,立刻迎起了業內的熱議。
基因編輯是怎麼做的?
要看懂這個新聞,先要談一下背後使用的技術——CRISPR基因編輯技術。它也被稱為是“基因魔剪”。
簡單來講,這種技術能夠以極高的準確性,精準地對基因組進行編輯。它可以引入一段基因,消除一段基因,甚至是可以對基因組進行單鹼基的修改。
http://i.imgur.com/WwO9glc.jpg
▲CRISPR基因編輯技術簡介(圖片來源:J LEVIN W [CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa /4.0)], from Wikimedia Commons)
也就是說,這個工具讓我們能夠在分子層面上修改生命的藍圖。
毫無疑問,這在科學研究中是一項突破。有了這款工具,我們能夠很快地對基因進行編輯,方便研究的開展。目前許多基因療法和細胞療法,背後也有這款技術的影子。
首名基因編輯人類是怎麼回事?
根據報導,研究人員們在受精卵中,通基因編輯技術,對CCR5基因進行了修改。
CCR5基因在人體內有什麼作用呢?原來,它編碼的蛋白質,是HIV病毒入侵人體所需的主要輔助受體之一。理論上講,如果這個基因出現變異或缺失,就有可能關閉HIV病毒入侵人體的大門。
之前一些資料表明,北歐人群中有10%的人存在天然的CCR5基因缺失。她們對HIV病毒有較強的“免疫力”。
經過基因編輯之後,這些受精卵發育成了嬰兒,並呱呱落地。嬰兒體內,CCR5基因發生了永久性的變化。
只是這一次,變化並非來自自然突變,而是人為修改。
這項研究引起了哪些爭議?
從生物技術的角度上,這是一個突破。但從其他角度出發,這項研究充滿了爭議。
首先便是倫理上的擔憂。通過基因改造人類,我們是否已經做好了準備?從公開的資料看,這項研究的確做了倫理上的報備和審查申請,也得了通過。但在目前這個階段,人類是否有資格對此作出決定?
http://i.imgur.com/uZ8tWiV.jpg
▲本研究的倫理委員會審查申請書(圖片來源:中國臨床試驗申請中心)
其次,通過基因編輯,這兩名嬰兒的CCR5基因發生了永久的變化。誠然,她們對HIV病毒可能有了天然的免疫力。但她們的其他生理功能,是否會出現變化?這不僅是指CCR5基因變異帶來的變化,還包括CRISPR基因編輯技術潛在脫靶效應帶來的生理學變化。
對於以上兩個問題,我們沒有答案。
我們只知道,2018年11月26日,人類的歷史被徹底改寫了。
參考資料:
[1] 世界首例免疫艾滋病的基因編輯嬰兒在中國誕生, Retrieved November 25, 2018, fro
[2] EXCLUSIVE: Chinese scientists are creating CRISPR babies, Retrieved November
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天生免疫愛滋,各位股版大神怎麼看?
台灣標題
基因編輯讓嬰兒免疫愛滋病 中國科學家遭國際譴責...
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