財政學問題（其實是看不太懂英文） - 經濟

※ 引述《shefans0530 (就是我)》之銘言：
: 以下是財政原文課本的兩個段落，這個章節主要在講「美國的移轉支付」的問題（公共選
: 擇的觀點下），其中其實有五六個段落是老師要求我們自己讀，基本上是希望我們理解「
: 人們為什麼會從自私到願意捐錢給社會福利機構」的問題，我打的是比較難懂也比較重要
: 的兩個段落，老師要我們讀的範圍我大概還ok，[ ] 的部份還好， ” ”的部份則是幾乎
: 無法理解，如果各位大大能整體提一下我將會非常感激，若沒有很多時間的大大，能夠幫
: 助我引號的部份我也萬分感謝！！！
: 這是期中考考題...老師目前堅持不公佈答案...只好求救於...各位大大...T^T
: Q：詳細比較公共選擇觀點（public choice perspective）與主流觀點（mainstream
: view）對社會保險（social security）與社會救濟（social assistance）的看法的異同
: 。
: The Public Choice Perspective on Public Assistance（這是課本那段標題）
: 下面取三段
: People may be self-interested, but they also clearly have altruistic or
: charitable impulses that contribute to their own utility.
在自利行為因~~也可提升自己的效用
We know this: because many people contribute to private charities and their contributions
: are entirely voluntary. These contributions obviously increase the donor’s
: own utility or they would not be given.
因為~~~而決定效用之提升或降低
Public assistance can be viewed as an extension of private charity – the free-rider problem.
社會救助會產生"免費搭公車的心態"
: Before looking at the free-rider problem associated with charitable giving,
: note the subtle difference in the mainstream and public choice views of
: public assistance. [[[ The mainstream, social welfare view of public assistance
: sees it as a win-lose proposition. When wearing their other-interested hats
: and thinking about distributive justice, people conclude that public
: assistance is appropriate. """They would rather not pay the taxes to support
: public assistance from their narrow self-interested economic perspective, but
: they reluctantly do so to support the public interest in end-results equity.
: Under this line of thought, public assistance is viewed as a win-lose
: proposition: the poor beneficiaries of public assistance gain utility but the
: nonpoor lose utility when they pay their taxes. Not so under the public
: choice perspective.""" Voluntary gifts to private charities are clearly a
: win-win proposition: the donors gain utility along with the beneficiaries of
: their gifts. Since public assistance is just an extension of private charity,
: it too is a win-win proposition. ]]]
: Win-win proposition sound more like issues of efficiency than of equity.

雙贏創造出的配置效率更甚於公平
: Recall that inefficiencies place society below its utility possibilities
: frontier.
在"SPPC"曲線內代表生產無效率
Correcting an inefficiency and returning to the frontier leads to
: the possibility that everyone gains.
滿足"SPPC"線上之組合即為效率
In contrast, the mainstream view of
: redistributional policies is that they move society along the utility
: possibilities frontier, with the result that some people gain and others lose.

變動"SPPC"~有人得利，有人受損~~~~

但我覺得SPPC +SIC~光移動一個無法滿足配置效率=>提升生產效率或交易效率或二者
: 最後，不管有沒有幫忙，感謝看完的各位。

~請不要從字面翻 從福利經濟學 +福祉財政 來看 => 我猜的~

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