美國防部施壓?台積電回應:關鍵在成本 - 股票

By Olga
at 2020-01-17T12:14
at 2020-01-17T12:14
Table of Contents
1.原文連結:
https://bit.ly/30sSKl7
2.原文內容:
美國防部施壓?台積電回應:關鍵在成本誰負擔
陳玉娟、陳端武/新竹 2020-01-16
台積電董事長劉德音(右)與總裁魏哲家出席半導體產業協會年會。劉德音再次強調,未直
接受到美國國防部的壓力。符世旻攝
台積電董事長劉德音在出席半導體產業協會(TSIA)年會時再次強調,未直接受到美國國防
部的壓力,主要是在美客戶有收到來自國防部的關心,台積電一直有評估,但短期未有設
廠或購併同業計畫,關鍵在於「成本誰來負擔?」
近年面臨中國大陸全面擴大政治、經濟、軍事與半導體科技實力,美國與中國大陸掀起貿
易大戰,進而衍伸為科技大戰,美國針對中興、華為強勢祭出禁令,更加速大陸半導體自
主化進程,使得美國政府相當憂心一旦爆發政治與軍事危機,相關供應鏈恐發生斷鏈危機
,同時國防安全亦受到威脅。
近日傳出美國國防部鼓勵晶片業者在美設立半導體生產線,主要是因格芯(
GlobalFoundries;GF)已放棄7奈米以下製程研發,使得美國更加必須仰賴海外生產的晶片
,特別是台積電等台灣供應鏈。消息一出,也讓台積電是否將至美國設廠備受關注。
對此劉德音表示,台積電並沒有直接得到美國國防部的壓力,主要是在美國的客戶有來自
美國國防部的關心。事實上,國防與商業用途晶片很大部分是重疊的,對於積極維持競爭
力的晶片客戶而言,若轉回美國生產,整體服務與成本都是極大挑戰。希望能幫助客戶解
決競爭力問題,同時協助其能兼顧美國國防部對於國安軍事的疑慮。
台積電對於赴美設廠一直都有評估,但短期並無此規畫,也沒有收購同業的計畫,最主要
關鍵在於「成本誰來負擔?」。隨著半導體科技發展快速,現在也正在研發可追蹤的晶片
,若有人更動晶片設計即可迅速發現,可以察覺控制有安全顧慮的產品,因此晶片產品其
實無須在當地生產。
半導體業者亦指出,台積電赴美設廠事關重大,除了本身成本高昂外,如何創造當地供應
鏈和生活圈是項艱鉅任務。以台積電2015年至南京設廠為例,雖然從動土到進機只花了14
個月,並於2018年10月底正式宣布12吋廠進入16奈米製程量產。大陸政府積極為台積電解
決水電、土地與人力等繁雜問題,加上大陸客戶規模不斷擴增,這是美國政府甚難提供的
條件。
此外,台積電先進製程技術與研發根留台灣,在美斥資千億元再發展新製程技術是不太可
能,因此如台積電所言,短期應不會赴美設廠,或許最有可能的是直接收購GF美國廠區,
其他就看美方所釋出的條件誠意。(2020/01/16 14:20 更新)
陳端武/綜合外電
知情人士透露,華府已擴大對台積電施壓,要求在美國生產軍用晶片,以確保台積電能在
不受中國大陸干擾的情況下生產高安全要求的軍用晶片。
根據Nikkei Asian Review報導,台積電生產用於美國F-35戰鬥機的電腦晶片,且為蘋果(
Apple)及華為的主要供應商。台積電此前曾迴避美國類似的安全要求。但隨著中美兩國爭
奪技術和軍事霸權,台積電面臨美國政府越來越大的壓力,要求其在11月美國總統大選之
前就在美國生產或提供其他安全解決方案做出明確決定。
儘管華盛頓和北京已簽署第一階段貿易協議,但台積電面臨的壓力顯示全球科技供應鏈仍
在脫鉤。美國政府內的國安鷹派持續向白宮施壓,就大陸的技術和軍事擴張採取行動。
曾聽取美國對台積電態度相關簡報的台灣官員表示,美國政府希望用於軍事計畫的晶片要
在美國製造。這是基於國安方面的考量,而且美國不打算退讓。
台積電全球晶圓代工市佔逾50%,客戶包括Google、高通(Qualcomm)等美國科技巨擘。台積
電還為賽靈思(Xilinx)等美國軍事供應商代工用於F-35和衛星的高效能晶片。除F-35所用
晶片,台積電還生產經美國國防部批准的軍用級晶片,某些美國客戶可能將其用於機密軍
事用途。
業內消息人士表示,在上週台灣總統大選之前,美國官員與台積電進行多次會談。美國商
務部助理部長Ian Steff於2019年12月第3度造訪台灣時,與台積電創辦人張忠謀和董事長
劉德音私下會面。
台灣國防資源與產業研究所所長蘇紫雲表示,據其觀察,美國許多科技業高層與政府官員
確實憂心美國依賴台積電及美國國防產業供應鏈的安全,也因此希望台積電能與其站在同
一陣線,到其他地方生產晶片。由於大陸不放棄武統台灣的可能性,他們無法完全放心。
3.心得/評論:
成本誰負擔?
這是工程師型的回答還是business man型的回答阿
美國希望(x)要求(o)到美國設廠
成本誰負擔?
這還用想嗎?
--
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