美國工程院外籍院士張宏江:AI大爆炸至 - 股票QA
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By Edward Lewis
at 2023-07-06T15:56
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原文標題:美國工程院外籍院士張宏江:AI大爆炸至少持續十年
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原文連結:https://news.cnyes.com/news/id/5241070
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發布時間:2023/07/06 14:30
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原文內容:
工智慧(AI)未來會超越人類智慧嗎?如今 AI 行業在這個問題上已基本達成共識。
北京智源研究院給出了通用人工智慧(AGI)的釋義:一定是比人類強大的智慧,才真正
叫 AGI。所以,自主智慧、超人智慧、強人工智慧,其實講的都是一種全面超越人類的智
慧。
過去三年來,《深網》與智源研究院理事長、美國國家工程院外籍院士張宏江多次對話。
他做過研發,做過管理,也做過投資,外界熟知的身份是金山集團與金山雲執行長、微軟
亞洲研究院共同創始人。以下是《深網》與張宏江的對話摘要。
Q:您認為我們現在處於 AI 技術發展的哪一個階段?
A:AI 過去的十年是積累的階段,今天會看到一個大爆炸的時點。這個大爆炸實際上是在
深入到每一個可能的應用場景裡面去。這也意味著 AI 的門檻在降低,或者說 AI 本身變
成一個基本的技術能力。
所以我也不認為大學裡設人工智慧系是件特別好的事。它已經成為一個基本技能的話,電
腦科學系的學生都要學啊。就像你今天在電腦科學系要學系統架構或者學數據庫,你不會
再設一個數據庫系,或者系統架構系。
Q:大爆炸期會持續多久?
A:最少十年。
Q:李開復不支持將 AI 比喻為類人腦,認為人類對人腦的了解太少,您認同嗎?
A:我們不應該把今天的人工智慧、深度學習說成是類人腦,或者是像人腦一樣思考,確
實不是。今天的 AI 不是人腦這種思維方式的一個很重要的原因,是我們對人腦的認識很
少,所以我們更應該去學習人腦。
Q:未來的 AI 發展將會給人類社會帶來怎樣的根本性變化?
A:Yuval Noah Harari 寫過一本書,叫《未來簡史》,他想強調的是技術的發展會導致
人類的分化,一些人會永遠落在技術後面,成為所謂的弱者,或者說閒人。
他這個說法可能有點誇張,但我覺得我們是時候來考慮這個問題了。當技術發展的速度超
過人的學習能力的時候,他的工作會被機器所取代,如果不轉變就不可能再找到另外的工
作。
Q:是必然會發生的嗎?
A:必然的。從工業革命到現在資訊革命,新技術滿足的精神需求越來越多。Facebook 不
生產任何衣服,也不生產任何糧食,但他的公司營收比任何一家做衣服或者做糧食的公司
都要多。
技術所帶來的兩極分化,可能最終會導致經濟上的兩極分化變得越來越厲害。
我們現在想想,為什麼這麼多人反對全球化。完全的全球化意味著這個世界上這一份工作
只要在另外一個地方比你這個地方便宜,這份工作就會在這消失。按這個思路想,機器人
時代這份工作只要有個機器人能做,這個工作就會消失。
但一方面,我們不可能停止或者拖慢技術的發展,另一方面,人們的適應和學習能力也不
太可能加速。這個矛盾未來怎麼解決?這種挑戰用傳統的方式可能解決不了。資訊技術出
現後,新產生的工作比他消滅的工作要多,技術發展能夠自己把這個問題解決掉。
Q:技術發展會帶來世界秩序的重建嗎?
A:當大部分變成閒人的時候,社會秩序必須得重建。這種秩序未必是國家的變化,但經
濟體系是一定要變的。
心得/評論:這位資訊界的大咖認為在AI的大爆炸下,會持續至少十年
每個人都需有要AI的基本能力,否則就會被淘汰,也是現在擔心的
人力被AI取代。在AI的社會下,會是兩極化。
看來AI真的只是剛開始而已,以後AI會顛覆整個社會。
※必需填寫滿30字,無意義者板規處分
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