究竟為什麼要保險? - 保險

By Barb Cronin
at 2014-10-11T09:45
at 2014-10-11T09:45
Table of Contents
最近準備成家立業了
也開始思考人生的第一份保單(早期父母幫自己買的不算)
我有些朋友做保險,因為本身是醫療業工作上也常接觸到請領保險的民眾
我一直有種疑惑
究竟人為什麼需要保險?
對我而言
保險是為了承擔「我所承擔不起的風險」
譬如說假使明天我意外身故
那我留下妻子跟小孩 他們需要一筆應急金來照顧
甚至如果希望保障他們更久一些,需要把留下的保險金額不只計算生活費
還要計算小孩子就學還有房貸等等花費
若以年薪百萬的人而言 算個1000-1500萬留下來都不為過
這筆錢是我存款沒有的 我所承擔不起的事
另一個我所承擔不起的事情是假使我意外致殘或生病失能
從此需要長期看護
這件事情會造成家人很大的負擔
所以我思考的是我自己(因為是家中經濟支柱)
所以必須有足夠的保險來保障當我不能工作時,保險可以保障家庭的經濟來源
但當我越來越年長,假設我60歲,小孩已經30了
我手上應該也有一筆存款準備來退休
那時候我其實就不需要什麼保險
(除非是用壽險來逃遺產稅啦,詳細稅法我不太清楚)
會有這樣的疑惑是因為周遭醫療險真的是賣的嚇嚇叫
不管是我朋友/版上的版眾 人人都有醫療險
大家只是在討論要不要終身/實支實付是不是比較好
卻沒想人問說醫療險到底用來幹麻?
有醫療險一次給付500萬的嗎?似乎沒有
就算實支實付
住院10多天給你領回20-30萬 這筆錢如果你存款裡就有
那他就不是你所不能承擔的風險不是嗎
保險業務時常說健保哪裡沒有保 哪裡需要自費
問題是如果這筆自費金額是你出得起的
那還是保險嗎?
保險公司所有的保險都是經過精算師算過風險及相關期望值
今天假使小明因為不幸得了100人10年才會有1人得到的A疾病
因此得到保險公司50萬元的給付
保險公司保這個A疾病險的保費會是多少?
一年400塊?不可能。這樣保險公司早就倒了,因為100人*10年*400=40萬根本不夠給付
小明的賠償
最有可能就是1000塊,這樣保險公司算完期望值10年還可以淨賺50萬
對於花1000快去保這個A醫療險的人保這個險划算嗎?對小明來說他得到疾病不幸,但
有個保險給付卻好像比較幸運,這個概念而言蠻奇怪的,但對其他手上拿得出50萬的人
而言,其實並不划算,因為根本不會用到。除非是手上真的拿不出50萬的人,這個保險
才有他實質的意義
就算是壽險/意外險,保險公司的期望值一定大於你,但是你手上可能真的沒有那1000萬
所以你願意每年付錢給保險公司,讓保險公司來分擔。
我上面說的A疾病是不會造成失能的年提下,造成失能是另一個故事了
若是造成失能對於家庭經濟功能的損傷肯定相當嚴重
的確應該規劃保險因應
另一個保險上的問題是我遇過的保險業務
通常不是理財專員
無法用重貼現率幫你算未來價值
而現在很多的壽險/意外險/醫療險
很多是有保單價值(解約金)或是標榜保本的(簡單說就是收比較貴的錢讓保險公司幫你
去投資)
這些遠比儲蓄險更加複雜
要計算單買這個標榜保本的壽險保單A跟你單買同樣保障額度的消費險B,然後差額去計算
每年投資報酬率多少,也不多業務可以做到這點,或者常常計算錯誤
對我而言,就算年報酬只有2%-3%的儲蓄險或許也有短期持有的必要(分散風險原則)
但套句綠角的話
就算投資報酬率比較好,又何苦在現在的低利率時代綁定10年期-20年期的低利率
難道2040年台灣的利率還是一樣的低嗎?
20年期尚且有此問題,更何況是終身險?
現在保險產品越複雜 消費者就越霧颯颯
而你也不確定你的保險專員投資概念正確
對於消費者而言的確是頗困難
最後請教一下版上的朋友
有不同想法的當然歡迎提出來討論
也歡迎推薦適合我的保險
現在想的是南山跟國泰的20年期優體險,大概可以支撐我這20年的保險需求
另外再加買意外險(因為年輕死亡原因以意外的機率較高,還可以多一些支撐殘障費用)
失能的部分還研究不太多
不知道版友對於這部分有沒有推薦的?
(之所以考慮20年期其實是懶惰,1年期還要每年去續約, 還有能不能保證續約的問題
另外是有朋友在綠角財經筆記提出計算, 若是以年化報酬率3%來算20年期還比1年期
划算, 若以6%來算才會是1年期較佳, 我若是把這筆錢當作年化報酬3%來算放20年期其實
並無不可。但詳細狀況其實是要自己拿兩種保單來計算啦..有點麻煩...)
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