石油,可以漲到哪? - 投資

By Lucy
at 2007-12-13T04:53
at 2007-12-13T04:53
Table of Contents
回應一下之前L大有關石油價格的文章
→ littlebau:謝謝is大大精闢的講解 想問一下 那假如算進通膨 12/13 03:07
→ littlebau:石油的價格 如今這個年代 應該約在那個價格範圍呢 12/13 03:08
好問題 這個合理的價格非常難以衡量
給你兩個圖
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Oil_Prices_Medium_Term.png

你會覺得跟90年代初相比 現在的石油真是他馬的貴
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Oil_Prices_1861_2006.jpg

看起來就比較沒有那麼誇張了
現今的價位其實在70年代末~80年代初也曾達到過
也就是加上通膨的效應之後 其實油價沒有你想像中的漲那麼多
不過還是位處高檔就是了
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附上最新一篇熱騰騰的外電報導(12/6):
http://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/06/business/worldbusiness/06opec.html
from New York Times 紐約時報
OPEC Finds Price Range to Live With
節選其中的重點:
1. When oil prices were approaching the milestone of $100 a barrel a few weeks
ago, OPEC, the global oil cartel, expanded production and sought to jawbone
prices down. In January, when prices were near $50 and falling, OPEC cut
supplies to stem the decline.
這段顯示產油國對於油價的漲跌具有近乎"絕對"的控制權
重點在於--->要不要採取適當的行動罷了
2.Oil prices are set in a global market, but exporting countries exercise a big
influence by deciding how much oil to pump. The delicate balancing act for
them is to find a price low enough that it does not hurt economic growth in
the industrial economies, but high enough to pay for the rising aspirations
of their own people.
重點在於 產油國在作收高油價之時
同樣也關注石油消費國的經濟狀況
基本上 只要主要消費國(美國?)經濟開始放軟 油價就會順勢回跌
產油國很聰明 不會幹殺雞取卵的事情的
3.Many oil-producing countries want higher prices to develop their economies.
Oil companies argue that higher prices offer some benefit to consumers
because they call forth additional supplies, especially from higher-cost
sources of oil like the tar sands of Canada. Some environmentalists argue
that high prices encourage energy efficiency.
這一段也相當重要
高油價印證了我在前篇推文所說的兩個效應
1.供給增加(例如文中提到的加拿大tar sand)
有關這個tar sand下面再詳細說明
2.高油價會增進能源使用效率--->減少需求
(例如美國目前正在國會審議的汽車新耗能標準 將增加20%的汽油使用效率)
最重要
4.OPEC said the reason prices rose to nearly $100 a barrel in recent weeks had
little to do with supply and demand but was a result of trading by commodity
investors and hedge funds, as well as geopolitical instability.
OPEC說 "石油價格居高不下主因並非供需,而是商品投資人和避險基金的操作,以及
^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
部分的地緣政治不穩定"
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
“We have enough stocks in the market,” Abdalla Salem el-Badri, the
secretary general, told reporters. “There is no reason for the price of oil
to go to $100 a barrel.”
這段太重要了
這個說話的人 "Abdalla Salem el-Badri"是什麼來頭呢?
他可是opec的現任秘書長
看看他說了什麼
他說"我們在市場中有足夠的產量" "我們想不透有什麼理由油價會讓跑到100元"
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
當然 產油國口嫌體正直的情形也不是第一次了
我們還是要聽其言觀其行 科科~
→ littlebau:再者 油源的擴增(如油頁岩)的供給增加是否抵的上需求呢 12/13 03:09
油頁岩oil shale和油砂tar sands 你說能不能抵
我跟你說 100%能
重點是他們的開採成本比較高 加上開採時會產生極大的汙染
不過這些並非什麼不可克服的問題
基本上加拿大絕大部分的石油出口都是提煉自tar sands的了
(拜高油價之賜 讓加拿大提煉tar sands有利可圖)
可怕的事
無論是油頁岩和油砂
只集中在三個國家: 加拿大 美國和委內瑞拉
其他的國家的產量都少的可憐
先看數量比較少的油砂tar sands(or oil sands)
Oil sands may represent as much as 2/3 of the world's total petroleum
resource, with at least 1.7 trillion barrels (270 km3) in the Canadian
Athabasca Oil Sands and perhaps 235 billion barrels of extra heavy crude in
the Venezuelan Orinoco tar sands [1], compared to 1.75 trillion barrels (278
km3) of conventional oil worldwide, most of it in Saudi Arabia and other
Middle-Eastern countries.
光是加拿大(1.7兆桶)和委內瑞拉(2300億桶)的油砂蘊藏量
就已經等同目前傳統原油已知的總蘊藏量了....
那要是說到oil shale 那就更恐怖了
我們來看看老美有多少oil shale
http://www.worldenergy.org/documents/shale_table_3_1.pdf
2,587,228百萬桶 也就是2兆5千八百萬桶原油的蘊藏量
這有多少呢? 老美一年消費也頂多將近100億桶
也就是這全部的蘊藏量夠老美自己用上超過260年
很可惜的事 全球80%的油頁岩都在老美那...= =
也不要以為開採油頁岩成本有多麼昂貴
來看一篇相關的論文
這可是RAND的所出的論文喔(2005)
(美國政府與軍方的重要智庫之一)
RAND的權威性我想應該不需質疑了..
http://tinyurl.com/35l327
節選一小段文章
Several earlier RAND studies have examined cost improvement expectations
for oil shale mining and surface retorting (Merrow, 1989; Hess, 1985).
This work indicates that after 500 million barrels have been produced with
this technology, production costs could drop to about 50 percent of the
costs for initial commercial plants.For initial production costs between
$70 and $95 per barrel, experienced-based learning could drop those
costs to between $35 and $48 per barrel within 12 years of
the start of commercial oil shale operations.
油頁岩初期的開採成本高達70~95美金 這當然無利可圖
可是新技術的使用 讓大量生產(5億桶)的成本可以降低了50%
也就是約為35~48美金
依照現在的油價 早就已經達到可以大量開採的地步了..
(事實上文中還提到若是開採量達到10億桶 成本可能可以壓到30美元以下)
注意 這金額還是來自1985年的研究數據(單位已轉換為2005年幣值)
相信現在的技術一定可以將成本壓的更低
(迷之聲:真正阻礙油頁岩開採兩大原因 1.環保 2.國際石油商)
這樣你就知道說什麼石油要用完的論調有多荒謬了吧?
你讓油價漲到老美不堪負荷
他火大起來就不管環保 開發阿拉斯加 開發油頁岩 並結合加拿大勢力
保證油價回到他理想的價位 然後opec從此消失在世界權力舞台
說穿了
今天老美不過是想先用別人的"便宜""方便取得"
"少麻煩"(說真的 老美要在國內大量採油 無論是阿拉斯加還是油頁岩
受到的民間阻力恐怕會讓美國總統寧願去打艾馬丹加....XD)的石油
而不想先開採自家的寶藏
(套句電玩術語: 先去搶別人家的富礦XD)
啊你今天讓他便宜都沒得占了
他不會給你好臉色的
你說 opec會幹這種蠢事嗎?
還是不如跟老美結合起來一起賺大錢比較實際?
看不穿國際局勢
談在多的什麼需求理論都無效
說真的
必需品的東西可多了..水、糧食、木材、鋼鐵...
這些東西的重要性都不會在石油之下
難道每樣東西都可以無止盡的上漲嗎?
只因為"必需"?
所有的商品都一樣
會有供需 也一定會達成適度價值的呈現
不會漫無止境的上漲的 終究有其極限
這麼說好了
當油價一路漲 漲到當中國撥撥算盤
發現~ㄟ 石油的價格竟然比"煤轉油"還貴時
這個產煤大國會呆呆的繼續去買貴貴的石油?
還是不如趕快消耗那國內不知道拿來幹麻的過多煤礦(順便解決下崗職工問題)XD?
當然 煤轉油的效率低落 不到最後關頭阿共是不會降做的...
但前提是你油價不能漲的亂了譜
那些說油價"長期"會上兩百元的
到底長期是多長期?
如果是3~5年 我可以說 幾乎不可能~ 就這麼簡單
3~5年內基本上連150元都還有點拼
若是得花7.8年 甚至是超過10年 20年的長期 那還用說嗎?
如我所說 100美金連放最呆的一年期定存都只需要不到18年就可以變成200美金了
講這樣的"長期" 有任何意義嗎?
石油再漲上去
"需求減少"+"供給增加"的情形一定會慢慢出現
石油的供給絕非無法增加
端看你願意花多少成本去取得罷了
只要價格一上升 供給就可以源源不絕
世界上的石油還很多
石油短缺的現象不會在我們的有生之年看到
別忘了
要炒作的時候什麼啥短缺的當然都要拿來放送
幾十年前就說石油40年後就要用完了
現在還是40年 40年又40年
就算是真的好了 至少也還要40年
可以斷言的是
石油不會等要用光時才被取代
如同19世紀的煤一樣 那時大家也說100年內就沒有煤炭可用了
結果現在煤還可以用400年....
別杞人憂天
我並非看壞油價
基本上我還是認為未來油價易升難跌
因為這是產油國+老美的心願
我本身也有投入能源相關基金
但看好歸看好
還是請投資能源的人不要懷抱過多的幻想
不要過度神化石油的稀少性
否則...我怕你會對未來的報酬率有些失望XDDDD
--------------------------------------------------------
好 大家想聽聽比較實際的預測吧
講了太多廢話了 哈哈
我個人的看法是
油價基本上未來只要看美國的經濟走勢如何就好了
(基本上美國經濟一出問題
其他國家多少也會受到牽連 整體效應之下原油需求一定會減少)
要是美國經濟急轉直下
(如果明年美國經濟降到只剩0~1%的水準的話)
估計明年油價至少回檔20~30%才能止穩
而如果美國經濟還ok
油價基本就能有一定的支撐 不會有大回檔的
2~3年內應該會在80~120間來回波動
我個人是比較傾向後者:)
個人意見 純參考
→ littlebau:還有替代性能源就石油效應一書提到 他不期待三十年內 12/13 03:10
→ littlebau:替代性能源 減少石油需求的貢獻有足夠的效益 12/13 03:11
→ littlebau:因此再增加供給 跟 減少需求 這兩個方向實在需要數據 12/13 03:11
→ littlebau:來引證..我目前是懷疑 供給增加不足 需求減少成效不佳 12/13 03:12
再補充一個資料好了 基本上把我前面講的什麼油砂油頁岩的都當作是打嘴砲的廢話好了
單看目前世界上已知的原油供給和需求來說就好
這個網站有一些資料(美國能源訊息中心)
http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/archive/aeo07/index.html
他對於2007~2030年的美國能源與世界能源作了一些預測
其中在美國本土需求方面
他預期到2030年的石油需求相較於2005年只會成長"2%"
是的 你沒看錯 2%
而雖然研究指出沙烏地的日產能將會從現在起稍微下滑
(到2020年可能下滑5~10%)
但其他的opec中東國家的每日產能至少到2020年之前卻能保持"遞增"狀態
"Middle East OPEC countries increasing to 35.2 mb/day by 2020 from 20.7 mb/day
in 2002"
增幅還不小咧 增加大約40%
(迷之聲:科科~打伊拉克 伊朗的原因在這裡啦~~!)
更何況
近幾年原油大幅增加產能的國家其實是委內瑞拉 加拿大和俄國
而非中東的opec國家
(手邊資料加拿大到2020年可以再增產一倍 俄國不清楚但搶了北極值得期待
我想至少西伯利亞就還藏很多XD
委內瑞拉...還用我介紹嗎?)
也就是說 就算石油要短缺 也不是現在
在可預見的10~20年內 石油供應根本就毫無問題
"石油短缺" 基本上是個幾十年後才會發生 甚至可能不會發生的危機
→ littlebau:加上新興國家 由農業轉製造業 變成石油最大宗的輸入國 12/13 03:12
→ littlebau:石油的需求將比往年增加許多..當然 還是沒有充足的數據 12/13 03:13
--
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at 2008-07-25T02:37
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at 2008-07-26T22:30
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By Thomas
at 2008-07-31T16:58
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