汽車產業推代工模式行不行? - 股票
By Sarah
at 2021-03-05T15:41
at 2021-03-05T15:41
Table of Contents
原文標題:
汽車產業推代工模式行不行?貿聯-KY梁華哲:模具費用誰出?三條件待解答
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原文連結:
https://reurl.cc/Q7EXgp
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發布時間:
2021.03.01 by 王郁倫 (請以原文網頁/報紙之發布時間為準)
原文內容:
汽車產業推代工模式行不行?
2021.03.01 by 王郁倫
車用市場前景受矚目,台灣也組成了聯盟要打群架搶進市場,連接線束大廠貿聯-KY董事
長梁華哲指出,有些應用市場可能適合這類需求,但EMS(專業電子製造服務)廠概念能
否改變車業現有生態,他並不樂觀,指出:開模成本誰出、品牌車廠疑慮、規模經濟等3
問題待解。
全球車市將因電動車的逐步替換燃油車趨勢,出現天翻地覆變動,新變動帶來新機會,台
灣過去非汽車業大國,也積極佈局期望在電動車時代拿下門票,目前動作最大的就是鴻海
發起的MIH電動車開放聯盟MIH。
已是車業連接線束大廠貿聯-KY,在牆內如何看牆外?梁華哲指出,MIH開放平台或許能滿
足某些需求,比方有些些年輕人喜歡帥氣車款,不是很在意其他因素,也可能適合一些商
用車隊需求,但對於EMS概念(品牌跟代工分開的產業分工機制)能否整個搬到車業?他
認為可能沒這麼快。
車業EMS能否成功?三門檻「規模、成本和合作模式」
梁華哲指出,除非聯盟會開發一款公版車,讓客戶這邊改一改,那邊改一改再量產,但他
不解公版的經濟規模夠不夠?他指出,「模具機構」要開模是很花錢的,EMS聯盟中誰來
出這個錢?而如果聯盟沒有人能出,沒有辦法快速讓零件可以商用,讓客戶可以便宜有效
率的把設計方案很快的導入,對車廠來說,設置一個部門,把既有車款改一改會不會更方
便?
梁華哲指出,EMS要進車業的話題已經講很久,他曾問車廠會不會用?車廠都回答:現在
應該不會。梁華哲認為,或許一開始小量的車款會找EMS合作,等到大量,車廠或許會在
自己體系做,但若這樣,EMS一直只做初期小量的訂單,會有問題,成本如何解決呢?工
廠不可能一直陪客戶燒錢,「也可能會成功,大家再繼續看看。」梁華哲分析。
事實上,有意參與MIH聯盟的供應鏈或都有「投資」的打算,畢竟沒有先期研發跟投資,
如何取得汽車客戶的認可?但梁華哲也提醒,汽車電子零件類供應鏈沒有此問題,要加入
聯盟很容易,但對需要如貿聯-KY得開模具的機構類供應鏈,模具絕對是一大成本,比方
「汽車底盤」。
他分析,除非EMS夠大自己做(底盤),或者打造一個非常交叉結盟互助(cross each
other)的合作模式,不然公版底盤開模費用很貴,「還有問題是我開的模(底盤)究竟
能不能用?」梁華哲拋疑問,如果這個公版底盤大家都用,那也還好,但若客戶又說要改
來改去,就慘了!
打造供應鏈界Google Map,貿聯攜手產業咖
梁華哲26日出席「富比庫(Footprintku)與貿聯集團(BizLink)、騰輝電子(Ventec)」策略
聯盟記者會,對最近產業觀察做出分享。
貿聯-KY是連接線束領導廠商,騰輝是基板材料大廠,期望結合電子零件客製化雲端服務
平臺新創富比庫(Footprintku Inc.),利用以雲端平臺整合供應鏈夥伴資訊,加速客戶一
站式找到零組件供應夥伴,讓產品開發商的產品研發更具效率、縮短產品開發時程。
富比庫將用 AI 及數位轉換技術,讓客戶在產品開發商在研發及設計變更階段,於該平台
上快速尋得最佳零部件及優質供應商,志願成為供應鏈界的「Google Map」。
貿聯三業務今年成長,比特幣超夯「先開戶」
而貿聯-KY跟騰輝都是車用關鍵零件商,貿聯總經理鄧劍華指出,今年以家電、車用線束
及半導體三類營收成長貢獻最大,車用客戶除既有的電動車客戶,也有新客戶,醫療類需
求有成長,但因為單價低,營收平穩,半導體需求較為波動,加上缺料效應,長交期可能
成為常態,業績力求多元平衡。
梁哲華表示,客戶今年需求不錯,關鍵是產能跟缺料缺人,現在客戶是否會超額下單也很
難說,貿聯-KY接單也會很小心,有些客戶甚至下單一年或兩年,這些客戶也跟他們確認
,是不是能確保下單一定會吃下全部。
貿聯除中國產能吃緊持續擴產,墨西哥新產能 4 月開出,東南亞包括馬來西亞以及新加
坡也在擴廠,以因應工控、半導體以及醫療產品需求,為避免客戶重複下單,貿聯-KY接
單也很保守,今年仍預估有雙位數百分比營收成長。
而對客戶也看好的比特幣需求,他指出,貿聯-KY也有在考慮比特幣,因為在美國很多公
司銀行都接受比特幣,有考慮「先開戶」,在看看是否適合買,負面因素有:認列匯率造
成困擾,要會計師同意,因為台灣相對保守等,但短期內貿聯-KY是不會接受客戶付款用
比特幣的。
心得/評論: ※必需填寫滿20字
如果汽車業可以用電子業代工的方式做,
那應該早就可以做了,
代不代工,跟汽車是不是電動車無關,
而是跟技術與資本投入有關(機車界請參考狗狗弱幫山葉、宏佳騰的案例),
如果是這樣,為甚麼傳統的汽車業不走代工的模式呢?
以引擎來類比3C的中央處理器晶片,
有沒有思考過為甚麼傳統車廠不太走代工模式?
MIH的確是一種很新的概念,但我並不看好...
如果他可以拉大咖一點的品牌(VOLVO、BMW賓士),
也許這個牛皮會吹得比較像一點...
我弱弱的想,
原因目前想到有這些:
1.經營汽車製造業,後續維護動不動就是10年、20年,零配件庫存成本高
2.維修體系建立
3.品牌與產品連結度高,產品生命週期太長
4.回歸代工的本質,根據過去筆電代工的例子,
不賺錢的才會委外,甚至賣掉,
沒有到這一步,傳統車廠不太可能會把生產工作外包出去....
5.根據狗狗弱代工的例子,除非你的設計師風格迥異,
要不然代工做出來的產品,長相應該會87%像,
客官們會希望花100萬,然後買到一個白牌的車子嗎?
又不是在買筆電、還是家電...
所以MIH能拉的只有新創車廠,完全沒有過去的生產經驗的新創車廠,
這部分,我個人是不太看好啦...
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