晶片缺貨引發各國對半導體生產積極投資, - 股票
By Una
at 2021-03-31T00:29
at 2021-03-31T00:29
Table of Contents
原文標題:晶片缺貨引發各國對半導體生產積極投資,恐將導致未來市場崩跌
(請勿刪減原文標題)
原文連結:https://reurl.cc/9ZyMOv
(請善用縮網址工具)
發布時間:2021-03-28
(請以原文網頁/報紙之發布時間為準)
原文內容:
全球晶圓產能吃緊,導致晶片供不應求,讓消費型電子與車用電子續求無法滿足,各國政
府都很重視。位於東亞的晶圓生產廠商掌握全球 80% 晶片產能,為了擺脫對東亞晶圓生
產廠商的依賴,各國政府開始用各項大規模補助計畫,希望國內建立產線,卻也讓市場擔
憂全球大規模補助背後,可能引發生產過剩造成市場崩盤的問題。
據《路透社》報導,目前美國、歐盟、日本準備斥資數百億美元,在當地建立晶片製造廠
。之前有美國高級軍事將領指出,中國可能對台灣進行軍事行動,這讓生產全球三分之二
晶片的台灣安全成為美國擔憂的問題。中國試圖發展半導體產業,2019 年成立規模達 20
19 億美元的投資基金,也讓歐美與日本各國發展半導體製造的論調持續加強。
東亞掌握先進晶片製造技術的製造商台積電與三星,準備於美國興建先進製程晶圓廠,以
爭取約 300 億美元的美國政府補助。美國晶片龍頭英特爾 CEO 日前公開演說也表示,將
擴大與委外代工廠合作及在歐洲興建晶圓廠。目前掌握晶片先進製程技術的 3 家公司都
陸續公布發展計畫,顯示市場環境改變,過去向台灣及南韓公司採購晶片的模式,改成自
家製造生產。市場研究及調查機構 VLSI Research 執行長 Dan Hutcheson 表示,環節都
沒有連結的環境下,各國卻積極建立自己的晶片供應鏈。
日本佳能、東京電子等公司都積極加入政府 3.85 億美元補助發展計畫,藉由與台積電建
立材料研發中心合作,在日本打造 2 奈米先進製程晶片產線。沒有任何晶片生產基礎建
設的印度,也積極借助政府補助措施吸引各國晶片公司到印度設廠生產,以建立印度本身
的半導體產業。
日前美國參議員試圖通過一項法案,以取得多達 300 多億美元資金,補助半導體產業發
展,鼓勵業者在美國投資。目前已有台積電在亞利桑那州,三星準備在德州,以及格羅方
德準備在美國擴產等計劃。最新是英特爾預計斥資 200 億美元,在亞利桑那州興建兩座
晶圓廠,預計最快 2024 年後逐步投產。
歐盟方面,據相關市場負責人表示,歐盟應該加入先進晶片生產全球競爭,也進一步打算
歐洲生產的晶片產能增加一倍,與各國競爭。這獲得許多歐盟半導體企業及各國政府支持
。英特爾加入支援,除了考慮在歐洲興建晶圓廠,並決定未來 10 年,將歐盟地區生產晶
片產能提升一倍。不過也有反對意見,德國晶片製造商英飛凌(Infineon)高層直指,歐
盟不具相關技術,德法官員也經常討論導入先進製程製造商的可行性,但重點是成本可能
高達 200 億美元。
報導指出,目前各國及各企業競相規劃半導體晶片製造,雖然使晶片製造恢復過去視為戰
略產業時代的榮景,但也隱藏生產過剩導致價格下跌、恐市場崩潰的危機。VLSI Researc
h 報告指出,世界建設過多晶片製造能力,恐將導致市場價格下跌,並消滅整個產業,與
1980 年代晶片工廠崩潰類似。
心得/評論:這是一天前引發的疑慮,對照今天劉德音所說的內容,或許兩個都對,意思的交
集應該是正確的解答※必需填寫滿20字
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