川普貿易戰 對習近平其實是「因禍得福」 - 股票

By Bennie
at 2018-09-10T09:44
at 2018-09-10T09:44
Table of Contents
1.原文連結:
https://money.udn.com/money/story/5641/3357551
2.原文內容:
任何人若預期中國會在貿易戰中退縮,應該看看濟南鑫貝西生物技術公司的例子。這家實
驗室設備製造業者一度很難跟內地的外國產品競爭;但現在貿易戰升高反而使客戶改用國
產設備,公司前途一片光明。
鑫貝西董事長甘宜梧表示,「國內市場過去高度依賴進口貨;現在情況已經不同,機會正
在招手」。民眾不買美國產品,改用國貨,中國政府當然樂觀其成。
川普政府對中國存有諸多錯誤的認知,才會採取目前的貿易政策;而其中最危險的錯誤,
就是中國並不是非要維持與美國的相互依存關係不可,中國的國家目標反而是要在經濟上
更加自主。
這與川普所想像的中國截然不同。白宮認為中國的經濟成長與就業仍非常依賴美國,因此
中國領導人必將在美國的關稅措施之下讓步,而習近平向美國「求和」只是遲早的事。
但實際生活上,川普的關稅措施不大可能對中國帶來足夠的痛苦,以迫使習近平讓步。中
國龐大的國內市場對經濟成長愈來愈重要;此外,中國所設計的整體經濟策略便是在關鍵
性的科技與產品方面,能靠本國自行發展,以取代外國提供。簡言之,中共希望民眾購買
小米手機及吉利汽車,不買iPhone與別克。
這正是「中國製造2025」計畫最令美國擔憂之處。這項計畫是為了發展新、高科技產業,
在國內與國外市場與外國對手競爭,最終並打敗對手,因此官方的政策就是限制外國介入
中國經濟。
因此這場貿易戰對中國而言,其實是「焉知非福」。川普的貿易制裁,讓中國更有藉口拖
延改革,支持本土企業,並修理外資企業,這些都是中國領導人想要非做不可的事。
川普的貿易戰術只會使中國更渴望提高經濟自主。以中興電訊案為例,美國一度禁止中興
採購美國科技零組件,但最後還是與中興達成和解。中國已經從中學到教訓,但卻不是華
府所希望的。貿易衝突並未迫使中國在貿易上與美國合作,反而使中國更堅信必須擁有自
己的科技。
再者,中國的經濟計畫是著眼於開拓美國以外的市場,特別是透過「一帶一路」計畫,目
標是使中國向新的開發中國家擴展市場,創造自己的經濟區塊。
儘管如此,並不表示中國不會與川普協商貿易協議。北京這些政策從純經濟的角度來看,
其實並不合理。中國若能與美國進一步整合及合作,爭取到美國消費者及科技,經濟成長
展望將會更好。而且由於中國的經濟動能已顯然減弱,因此中國將更不易承擔對外貿易減
弱的逆風。
但中國政府視發展計畫為攸關國家安全及登上世界舞台的關鍵,在這項偉大使命中沒有英
特爾、蘋果或通用汽車等美國企業的存在空間。這意味習近平並不像川普政府所想像的那
樣心急,而且中國只會在不影響大格局經濟計畫的前提下與美國達成協議。
因此中國的底線就是仍會走自己的路,根本不在意川普及美國。
3.心得/評論:
川普踢到鐵板 習大大或成最大贏家
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