吸引年輕人買股 學學日本 - 股票
By Madame
at 2018-06-27T10:35
at 2018-06-27T10:35
Table of Contents
吸引年輕人買股 學學日本
不久前,立法院財委會熱烈討論「年輕人不買股票」,一度成為社會焦點;其實早在去年
金管會副主委鄭貞茂就已經示警,全台29歲以下的年輕人僅占投資人6%。在少子化時代
,年輕人遠離股市,恐怕造成資本市場斷層,是金融市場的重大危機。
就大環境因素而言,年輕人的薪資偏低,加上高房價的壓力,手上難有餘裕進行投資,這
是年輕人不買股的重要因素,因此金管會正朝著改善零股買賣與小額投資的方向,降低進
入門檻,吸引年輕人買股。
就證券市場而言,如果能夠參考日本的股東優待制度,創造出多檔有穩定投報率的投資標
的,應可以吸引更多年輕人進入股市。
所謂股東優待,是指企業每年會一到兩次,贈送公司商品或是各種禮品給股東,因為這些
禮品往往有接近現金的性質,可視為實質的另類股利。舉例來說,國人熟悉的連鎖牛丼企
業吉野家,會在每年的2月底和8月底,各贈送每位股東最少十張300日幣的禮券,這些禮
券在店裡等同現金使用。
所以持有一單位(100股)吉野家股票的股東,除了股息外,每年還穩定可獲得6,000日幣
的禮券。近年吉野家每年每股配息20日幣,因此一單位股東每年所獲得的股東禮券價值,
其實是股息的三倍。
股東優待對於小股東的最大魅力,是可以準確估算最低投資報酬率。以吉野家為例,小股
東在購買股票的同時,就可以確定持有股票一年最少會拿到6,000日幣的餐券。以今年來
吉野家股價在2,000日幣上下來計算,股息報酬率約1%,股東禮券的報酬率約3%。
實務上,大部分的企業在公告股東優待內容之後,極少會縮水(縮水的結果往往會引發股
價暴跌),因此就算企業不賺錢、沒有配發股息、或者股價上下劇烈震盪,股東都可以穩
穩拿到禮券。因此,股東優待成為不少日本年輕人、家庭主婦進入股市的最初誘因。
股東優待對於小股東的另外一項魅力是,免稅的小確幸。股東優待並非現金,在日本是免
稅的。而股東優待的禮品內容包羅萬象,從內衣到禿頭治療的發毛劑都有,甚至有不少企
業乾脆讓股東自己選。
像日本電信三雄的KDDI,除了每年配息3%以上的現金股利外,還印製精選全國47都道府縣
美食型錄,讓股東挑選自己想要的特產美食。這對於小股東來說,挑選透過KDDI全國網絡
精選的各地美食,其幸福感恐不輸給3%的現金股息。
而對企業本身來說,股東優待的最大好處是,創造大量的小股東群,穩定公司派經營。股
東優待與股息不同,並不會因為持股的增加而同比增加,通常報酬率最優的持股方式是一
單位股東。以吉野家為例,一單位以上持股的一年禮券是6,000日幣,十單位以上才上升
為12,000日幣,20單位以上無論持股多少也都只有24,000日幣。
對於投資吉野家的小股東而言,最優的方式就是持股一單位,而吉野家就可以透過一大群
小股東來維持股價,防止市場派突襲經營權。
股東優待對企業的第二個好處是維持股價。許多企業選擇一年分兩次送禮品或禮券,第一
次與除息日同日,第二次在半年後,往往這兩次都會促成股價的高點。另外,許多民生消
費品公司,也透過贈送公司商品,來達到促銷與擴大消費群的目的。
股東優待對於企業與小股東都有利,台灣要怎麼推動?其實不難,因為不少企業每年的股
東會都會贈送禮品給股東,甚至贈送類現金禮物(如便利商店禮券)。日本股東優待制度
的起源,有一說就是源自股東會的禮品。
假設股價20元上下的金融股,每年能夠固定贈送股東兩百塊的便利商店禮券,無論銀行有
無賺錢、配息,投資者就算被套牢,每年投報率至少都能擊敗定存的1%,這對害怕投資風
險的年輕人來說,是鼓勵其踏入股市的定心丸。如果金管會想鼓勵年輕人買股,不妨先試
著誘導官股銀行推出股東優待。
https://money.udn.com/money/story/5628/3220417
翻譯:肥料不夠
寫一堆定心丸,還不如開放零股直接交易
10元的股票,現在要買也要一萬,22k哪有可能進場當肥料
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