NPV與內部收益率的意義 - 股票
By Hazel
at 2009-06-11T23:21
at 2009-06-11T23:21
Table of Contents
除了討論價量之外,偶而也來發些跟財務分析有關的名詞知識。
今天想聊聊兩個理論上用來計算股票內在價值的名詞 - NPV與內部報酬率。
利用這兩個名詞可以在財務工程上判斷一個股票或投資計畫有沒有投資價值。
想聊聊這兩個名詞是因為可能是最近很多業內的朋友在前幾天去考高業,
常常msn或寄mail來問,
不少人初業都有了也工作了兩三年還是沒弄懂這兩個名詞,我想用一些淺顯
的名詞來解說一下:
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方法一 : NPV法
NPV也就是常聽到的淨現值,他的意義是這樣定出來的 :
NPV = [股票在期初的(內在)價值] - 股票的購入成本
V P
那什麼是股票的期初的內在價值呢?
簡單的講就是你預期持股到無限久遠,把每年預期的
現金股利(廣泛來講,可以解釋為所有因為投資該股而得到的現金收益)
折現到期初的總和 :
V = D1/(1+k) + D2/(1+k)^2 + ....... Dx/(1+k)^x x = 無限大
k就是所謂的折現率,簡單講就是你對這支股票要求的必要報酬率。
k的算法可以由CAPM模型中利用系統性風險因素計算出來 : Ri = Rf + Bi(R-Rf)
Ri即是k 不過這個公式我就不解釋了,大家記起來觀念就好 ==>
折現率k = 對這支股票要求的必要報酬率。
那NPV = V - P 所以明顯的知道若 NPV > 0 則你的投資收益最後會高過你的投資
成本,也就是代表這是一個值得投資的標的。
=======
方法二 : 內部收益率
定義上就是使得淨現值(NPV)等於0時所得到的折現率(k)
也就是說 NPV = 0 => P = V = D1/(1+k) + D2/(1+k)^2 + ....... Dx/(1+k)^x
在算內部報酬率時,已知常數就是你的購入成本 P
你可以利用P配合預期的現金股利求出k,這時候的k在會計學上有個名詞
叫做"資金成本率"。
而你可以在利用上面的CAPM模型公式求出你對這支股票的必要報酬率Ki。
如果Ki > k 也就是預期的必要報酬率 > 資金成本率,就代表一個值得投資的標的。
以上
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