14年交易跟法人經驗談 - 股票
By Eartha
at 2021-05-06T14:25
at 2021-05-06T14:25
Table of Contents
寫這篇文章 主要是想要簡單幾句話說說 股市的真面目到底是什麼
我曾經是個法人研究員兼分析師 投資經歷14年 現在暫時無聊離職出來創業
經歷過2008年金融海嘯 算是股票市場經歷一個完整的景氣循環
2020~2021年的行情很火熱,不知道為什麼在2009~2019年大多數人都不覺得,
投資是必要的,但到這兩年都覺得還是要學會投資理財才能抗通膨,
彷彿2009~2019年都沒有通膨,也沒有投資理財的必要性這件事?
不論是個大論壇、FB、Youtube如雨後春筍般都在講股票,
交易幾個月、一兩年,人人都覺得自己很神,前陣子新聞還有用幾百萬賺到破億的故事。
現在投資人都會講基本面,數字如何如何,行業前景很好。
但問題是有沒有人仔細想過,這些資訊跟數字是哪裡來的?
從1990年後經歷數十年,台股交易市場已經從散戶高成交占比,
漸漸導向成法人高成交占比的市場,當然在這波行情很火熱錢,
法人每日成交大約在30~35%左右,但如以持有市值來看,
其實早已具備對行情高度的影響了,如光外資持股市值就超過20兆,
佔台股市值達到45%以上,那如果再加上投信、自營、公司派呢,遠遠已經超過65%。
因此『股票的價值』定價就十分重要,盤面的主要交易者用甚麼定價『股票的價值』
那這個市場『大多數正常的時間』,就會是怎麼玩。
(扣除極度瘋狂上漲跟極度瘋狂下跌的行情如2007~2008年)
現在盤面的主要交易者就是法人,法人定價股票的方式就兩個:本益比、淨值比
而本益比大多是用於電子股(台股電子股正常來講交易占比在60%)也是主流的評價方式,
傳產大多會用淨值比評價。
所謂本益比換個方式看就是年化報酬率,今天一間A公司如股價100元,一年賺10元,
本益比就是10倍,或是換角度看,就是假設這間公司每年都穩定賺10元,
每年都全額配息,那你10年會回本。等同於每年報酬率 100%/10=10%,
那如果當本益比達到20倍,年化報酬率就剩下100%/20=5%。
如果達到30倍,年化報酬率就剩下100%/30=3.333%。
股票市場是高風險市場,當在高風險市場只為了拚年化報酬率不到5%的交易行為,
基本上就是賭徒行為。所以正常的本益比大多會落在10~20倍左右,
因此講個最鮮明的例子台積電為什麼漲不動,
因為今年法人評估2021年EPS最佳數字就在23元,679/23=29.5倍,本益比衝到29.5倍,
台積電又是法人控盤為主的股票,那怎樣會漲的動呢?在股價從500向上衝的同時,
法人還配合媒體寫新聞營造美好氣氛在__貨哩。
寫到這裡就會有人說,股價是看未來不是看今年不是看過去,本益比要算的是未來!
是阿,當你幹過法人,也開過公司,還是你有親友在開公司的,
你就會知道不要說明年了,連在年初當年度的預估的營收或是獲利到底能不能達標
『根本天知道』,還有人在相信法人那些報告的未來數年數字,就真的是很天真無邪了。
基本上能預期或預估較為精準的大概就是在3~6個月的營運狀況,
超過6~12個月甚至1~3年的,腦補的機率高,
過程中就是要一直更新資訊動態調整(散戶怎麼做得到?)。
特別是跟大家說那些外資分析師能寫到2023年的報告怎麼算的,
假設今年預估EPS較去年成長5%,那就大概腦補一下每年可以穩定成長5~8%,
2023年的EPS就出來了,在用2021+2022年的EPS除2,給個20~25倍本益比,
在激情行情下都會有人無腦買單,真是好騙。
本益比在10~15倍的股票對大家都不討喜也沒激情,
本益比衝上20倍大家都覺得前景一片看好,
股價將一路向上,真是奇怪。
回頭談談淨值比,傳產類股的成長,很簡單的先決條件,
到底是『價格推動還是需求推動』,所謂的價格推動就是如同現在原物料被炒作,
造成新聞都在講的低價庫存將提升公司獲利表現。
試問1:低價庫存出了之後在進貨不會變高價庫存嗎?
試問2:媒體寫的話你敢信,誰配合撰稿的?
那甚麼是需求推動,就是由需求端的大幅成長,帶動的漲價行情,
好比古老的二戰後歐美大基礎建設,或是1990~2000年亞洲大基礎建設,
或是2000~2007年中國大基礎建設,那現在有甚麼呢?美國大基礎建設?
先去看看美國對台灣採購的鋼鐵比重再來談談到底是幻想還是實際吧。
最後再來談談那些電視台80~90台的投顧老師,那些老師基本上就是靠收會費過活,
如果牠們真的這麼神天天漲停板,早就退休去了好嗎,法人圈也可以收掉了,
投顧老師就可以稱霸全世界了。
至於投顧是怎麼玩的,剛好以前剛出社會待過半年的投顧親眼見證。
一個老師手上有永遠有很多股票,每天都要發掘不同強勢股,
基本上手上標的至少要有5~10隻,買進一檔之後有上漲就天天在檯面大喊,
『又大賺幾%』,如果買了沒漲還下跌就叫會員先耐心等待,
拿錢再買其他股票(我還以為每個會員都有幾千萬的資金再交易),
就好比鄭X宗一樣,手上會有金麗科、M31撼訊、界霖、點序、敦泰、紘康…………
各種股票,反正套牢的就說是因為大盤不好還是籌碼不好先放著,
叫會員再買新的股票,或是當你加了投顧發現老師講的飆股你怎麼沒有收到摳訊,
打電話去興師問罪的時候,業務就會跟你說,那個是XXX等級的會員才有,
剛好現在有甚麼方案,你只要再加多少錢就可以升級XXX會員。
至於那些股票到底套不套牢,跟分析師也沒關係,因為牠也沒買牠只是收會費而已,
他也只是就『專業立場』給出建議。那反正賠錢就是大環境不好籌碼不好的問題,
老師也是很無奈的,老師也感同身受,老師也只好先帶會員買其他股票先『賺回來』。
最終你可能會收到如同前幾天阮X慈叫會員停損金麗科的簡訊,
上面是這麼寫的,『3228金麗科,籌碼的問題需要中縣才能解決,
加上美國的問題也需要觀察,我們【資金出來】,………』
不知道這個到底是不是停損 ?___?,大家就各自解讀了。
你如果要問我為什麼有這些老師的摳訊,如果你做過法人,
就會有一些各種543個群組,現在LINE很方便的當然甚麼垃圾訊息都會有。
最終做個結論,當整體台股本益比超過18倍之後就是賭博行情了,
反正一個市場裡面甚麼人都會有,賺千的方法有很多招,
有的可能是多年適用(穩健),有的可能只有在這10幾年一次的超級多頭年才適用,
但無論如何,千萬不要賺得不明不白,最後又賠得不明不白,
最後甚麼都沒學到就好了,以上為老人碎碎念,
祝大家做多做空都能操作順利。
--
我曾經是個法人研究員兼分析師 投資經歷14年 現在暫時無聊離職出來創業
經歷過2008年金融海嘯 算是股票市場經歷一個完整的景氣循環
2020~2021年的行情很火熱,不知道為什麼在2009~2019年大多數人都不覺得,
投資是必要的,但到這兩年都覺得還是要學會投資理財才能抗通膨,
彷彿2009~2019年都沒有通膨,也沒有投資理財的必要性這件事?
不論是個大論壇、FB、Youtube如雨後春筍般都在講股票,
交易幾個月、一兩年,人人都覺得自己很神,前陣子新聞還有用幾百萬賺到破億的故事。
現在投資人都會講基本面,數字如何如何,行業前景很好。
但問題是有沒有人仔細想過,這些資訊跟數字是哪裡來的?
從1990年後經歷數十年,台股交易市場已經從散戶高成交占比,
漸漸導向成法人高成交占比的市場,當然在這波行情很火熱錢,
法人每日成交大約在30~35%左右,但如以持有市值來看,
其實早已具備對行情高度的影響了,如光外資持股市值就超過20兆,
佔台股市值達到45%以上,那如果再加上投信、自營、公司派呢,遠遠已經超過65%。
因此『股票的價值』定價就十分重要,盤面的主要交易者用甚麼定價『股票的價值』
那這個市場『大多數正常的時間』,就會是怎麼玩。
(扣除極度瘋狂上漲跟極度瘋狂下跌的行情如2007~2008年)
現在盤面的主要交易者就是法人,法人定價股票的方式就兩個:本益比、淨值比
而本益比大多是用於電子股(台股電子股正常來講交易占比在60%)也是主流的評價方式,
傳產大多會用淨值比評價。
所謂本益比換個方式看就是年化報酬率,今天一間A公司如股價100元,一年賺10元,
本益比就是10倍,或是換角度看,就是假設這間公司每年都穩定賺10元,
每年都全額配息,那你10年會回本。等同於每年報酬率 100%/10=10%,
那如果當本益比達到20倍,年化報酬率就剩下100%/20=5%。
如果達到30倍,年化報酬率就剩下100%/30=3.333%。
股票市場是高風險市場,當在高風險市場只為了拚年化報酬率不到5%的交易行為,
基本上就是賭徒行為。所以正常的本益比大多會落在10~20倍左右,
因此講個最鮮明的例子台積電為什麼漲不動,
因為今年法人評估2021年EPS最佳數字就在23元,679/23=29.5倍,本益比衝到29.5倍,
台積電又是法人控盤為主的股票,那怎樣會漲的動呢?在股價從500向上衝的同時,
法人還配合媒體寫新聞營造美好氣氛在__貨哩。
寫到這裡就會有人說,股價是看未來不是看今年不是看過去,本益比要算的是未來!
是阿,當你幹過法人,也開過公司,還是你有親友在開公司的,
你就會知道不要說明年了,連在年初當年度的預估的營收或是獲利到底能不能達標
『根本天知道』,還有人在相信法人那些報告的未來數年數字,就真的是很天真無邪了。
基本上能預期或預估較為精準的大概就是在3~6個月的營運狀況,
超過6~12個月甚至1~3年的,腦補的機率高,
過程中就是要一直更新資訊動態調整(散戶怎麼做得到?)。
特別是跟大家說那些外資分析師能寫到2023年的報告怎麼算的,
假設今年預估EPS較去年成長5%,那就大概腦補一下每年可以穩定成長5~8%,
2023年的EPS就出來了,在用2021+2022年的EPS除2,給個20~25倍本益比,
在激情行情下都會有人無腦買單,真是好騙。
本益比在10~15倍的股票對大家都不討喜也沒激情,
本益比衝上20倍大家都覺得前景一片看好,
股價將一路向上,真是奇怪。
回頭談談淨值比,傳產類股的成長,很簡單的先決條件,
到底是『價格推動還是需求推動』,所謂的價格推動就是如同現在原物料被炒作,
造成新聞都在講的低價庫存將提升公司獲利表現。
試問1:低價庫存出了之後在進貨不會變高價庫存嗎?
試問2:媒體寫的話你敢信,誰配合撰稿的?
那甚麼是需求推動,就是由需求端的大幅成長,帶動的漲價行情,
好比古老的二戰後歐美大基礎建設,或是1990~2000年亞洲大基礎建設,
或是2000~2007年中國大基礎建設,那現在有甚麼呢?美國大基礎建設?
先去看看美國對台灣採購的鋼鐵比重再來談談到底是幻想還是實際吧。
最後再來談談那些電視台80~90台的投顧老師,那些老師基本上就是靠收會費過活,
如果牠們真的這麼神天天漲停板,早就退休去了好嗎,法人圈也可以收掉了,
投顧老師就可以稱霸全世界了。
至於投顧是怎麼玩的,剛好以前剛出社會待過半年的投顧親眼見證。
一個老師手上有永遠有很多股票,每天都要發掘不同強勢股,
基本上手上標的至少要有5~10隻,買進一檔之後有上漲就天天在檯面大喊,
『又大賺幾%』,如果買了沒漲還下跌就叫會員先耐心等待,
拿錢再買其他股票(我還以為每個會員都有幾千萬的資金再交易),
就好比鄭X宗一樣,手上會有金麗科、M31撼訊、界霖、點序、敦泰、紘康…………
各種股票,反正套牢的就說是因為大盤不好還是籌碼不好先放著,
叫會員再買新的股票,或是當你加了投顧發現老師講的飆股你怎麼沒有收到摳訊,
打電話去興師問罪的時候,業務就會跟你說,那個是XXX等級的會員才有,
剛好現在有甚麼方案,你只要再加多少錢就可以升級XXX會員。
至於那些股票到底套不套牢,跟分析師也沒關係,因為牠也沒買牠只是收會費而已,
他也只是就『專業立場』給出建議。那反正賠錢就是大環境不好籌碼不好的問題,
老師也是很無奈的,老師也感同身受,老師也只好先帶會員買其他股票先『賺回來』。
最終你可能會收到如同前幾天阮X慈叫會員停損金麗科的簡訊,
上面是這麼寫的,『3228金麗科,籌碼的問題需要中縣才能解決,
加上美國的問題也需要觀察,我們【資金出來】,………』
不知道這個到底是不是停損 ?___?,大家就各自解讀了。
你如果要問我為什麼有這些老師的摳訊,如果你做過法人,
就會有一些各種543個群組,現在LINE很方便的當然甚麼垃圾訊息都會有。
最終做個結論,當整體台股本益比超過18倍之後就是賭博行情了,
反正一個市場裡面甚麼人都會有,賺千的方法有很多招,
有的可能是多年適用(穩健),有的可能只有在這10幾年一次的超級多頭年才適用,
但無論如何,千萬不要賺得不明不白,最後又賠得不明不白,
最後甚麼都沒學到就好了,以上為老人碎碎念,
祝大家做多做空都能操作順利。
--
Tags:
股票
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By Edith
at 2021-08-14T18:55
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at 2021-08-16T15:18
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at 2021-08-20T16:23
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at 2021-09-07T21:34
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at 2021-09-08T21:56
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at 2021-09-10T07:35
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at 2021-09-11T21:11
at 2021-09-11T21:11
By Puput
at 2021-09-14T14:08
at 2021-09-14T14:08
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at 2021-09-19T06:38
at 2021-09-19T06:38
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at 2021-09-22T22:12
at 2021-09-22T22:12
By Jacob
at 2021-09-25T18:09
at 2021-09-25T18:09
By Kama
at 2021-09-26T20:56
at 2021-09-26T20:56
By Elizabeth
at 2021-09-28T09:36
at 2021-09-28T09:36
By Kama
at 2021-10-01T11:18
at 2021-10-01T11:18
By Mary
at 2021-10-05T03:55
at 2021-10-05T03:55
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at 2021-10-06T01:03
at 2021-10-06T01:03
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at 2021-10-07T09:45
at 2021-10-07T09:45
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at 2021-10-09T07:09
at 2021-10-09T07:09
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at 2021-10-11T07:55
at 2021-10-11T07:55
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at 2021-10-14T05:45
at 2021-10-14T05:45
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at 2021-10-14T21:59
at 2021-10-14T21:59
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at 2021-10-17T00:47
at 2021-10-17T00:47
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at 2021-10-20T18:03
at 2021-10-20T18:03
By Joe
at 2021-10-25T05:05
at 2021-10-25T05:05
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at 2021-10-27T17:50
at 2021-10-27T17:50
By Robert
at 2021-10-28T04:16
at 2021-10-28T04:16
By Mason
at 2021-10-29T18:48
at 2021-10-29T18:48
By Annie
at 2021-11-02T20:14
at 2021-11-02T20:14
By Joseph
at 2021-11-04T09:09
at 2021-11-04T09:09
By Callum
at 2021-11-06T06:13
at 2021-11-06T06:13
By Megan
at 2021-11-09T19:00
at 2021-11-09T19:00
By David
at 2021-11-10T02:34
at 2021-11-10T02:34
By Candice
at 2021-11-14T23:54
at 2021-11-14T23:54
By Suhail Hany
at 2021-11-18T23:02
at 2021-11-18T23:02
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at 2021-11-20T15:15
at 2021-11-20T15:15
By Dorothy
at 2021-11-23T21:15
at 2021-11-23T21:15
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at 2021-11-27T02:41
at 2021-11-27T02:41
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at 2021-11-30T06:30
at 2021-11-30T06:30
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at 2021-12-01T12:06
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at 2021-12-03T20:09
at 2021-12-03T20:09
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at 2021-12-06T17:46
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at 2021-12-07T21:06
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at 2021-12-08T18:11
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at 2021-12-11T00:53
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at 2021-12-11T13:34
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at 2021-12-14T10:14
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at 2021-12-14T18:10
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at 2021-12-16T18:57
at 2021-12-16T18:57
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at 2021-12-19T21:22
at 2021-12-19T21:22
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at 2021-12-21T15:28
at 2021-12-21T15:28
By Ursula
at 2021-12-22T14:35
at 2021-12-22T14:35
By Hamiltion
at 2021-12-26T10:17
at 2021-12-26T10:17
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at 2021-12-31T00:27
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at 2022-01-02T08:13
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at 2022-01-02T10:43
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at 2022-01-18T21:55
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at 2022-01-20T21:03
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at 2022-01-21T04:37
at 2022-01-21T04:37
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at 2022-01-24T00:31
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at 2022-01-25T21:58
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at 2022-01-30T02:37
at 2022-01-30T02:37
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at 2022-01-30T05:58
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at 2022-01-31T06:32
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at 2022-02-02T11:38
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at 2022-03-06T20:35
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at 2022-03-13T06:46
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at 2022-04-28T22:41
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at 2022-06-22T15:58
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